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Score-based diffusion models learn to reverse a stochastic differential equation that maps data to noise. However, for complex tasks, numerical error can compound and result in highly unnatural samples. Previous work mitigates this drift…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-12 Aaron Lou , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion probabilistic models learn to remove noise added during training, generating novel data (e.g., images) from Gaussian noise through sequential denoising. However, conditioning the generative process on corrupted or masked images is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sakshi Agarwal , Gabriel Hope , Jimin Heo , Erik B. Sudderth

Hiding data using neural networks (i.e., neural steganography) has achieved remarkable success across both discriminative classifiers and generative adversarial networks. However, the potential of data hiding in diffusion models remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Haoyu Chen , Yunqiao Yang , Nan Zhong , Kede Ma

As one of the most successful generative models, diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in synthesizing high-quality images. These models learn the underlying high-dimensional data distribution in an unsupervised manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Min Hou , Yueying Wu , Chang Xu , Yu-Hao Huang , Chenxi Bai , Le Wu , Jiang Bian

How diffusion models generalize beyond their training set is not known, and is somewhat mysterious given two facts: the optimum of the denoising score matching (DSM) objective usually used to train diffusion models is the score function of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 John J. Vastola

Diffusion models have emerged as the principal paradigm for generative modeling across various domains. During training, they learn the score function, which in turn is used to generate samples at inference. They raise a basic yet unsolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kiwhan Song , Jaeyeon Kim , Sitan Chen , Yilun Du , Sham Kakade , Vincent Sitzmann

Diffusion models have shown an impressive ability to model complex data distributions, with several key advantages over GANs, such as stable training, better coverage of the training distribution's modes, and the ability to solve inverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yinbo Chen , Oliver Wang , Richard Zhang , Eli Shechtman , Xiaolong Wang , Michael Gharbi

We study the inductive biases of diffusion models with a conditioning-variable, which have seen widespread application as both text-conditioned generative image models and observation-conditioned continuous control policies. We observe that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Daniel Pfrommer , Zehao Dou , Christopher Scarvelis , Max Simchowitz , Ali Jadbabaie

Many approaches have been proposed to use diffusion models to augment training datasets for downstream tasks, such as classification. However, diffusion models are themselves trained on large datasets, often with noisy annotations, and it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Max F. Burg , Florian Wenzel , Dominik Zietlow , Max Horn , Osama Makansi , Francesco Locatello , Chris Russell

In machine learning, a bias occurs whenever training sets are not representative for the test data, which results in unreliable models. The most common biases in data are arguably class imbalance and covariate shift. In this work, we aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Patrick Glauner , Radu State , Petko Valtchev , Diogo Duarte

The predominant success of diffusion models in generative modeling has spurred significant interest in understanding their theoretical foundations. In this work, we propose a feature learning framework aimed at analyzing and comparing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Andi Han , Wei Huang , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

Diffusion models are a class of generative models that learn to synthesize samples by inverting a diffusion process that gradually maps data into noise. While these models have enjoyed great success recently, a full theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Raja Marjieh , Ilia Sucholutsky , Thomas A. Langlois , Nori Jacoby , Thomas L. Griffiths

This paper introduces a novel approach to illumination manipulation in diffusion models, addressing the gap in conditional image generation with a focus on lighting conditions. We conceptualize the diffusion model as a black-box image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xiaoyan Xing , Vincent Tao Hu , Jan Hendrik Metzen , Konrad Groh , Sezer Karaoglu , Theo Gevers

Conditional diffusion probabilistic models can model the distribution of natural images and can generate diverse and realistic samples based on given conditions. However, oftentimes their results can be unrealistic with observable color…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Kangfu Mei , Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Vishal M. Patel

We introduce the concept of deceptive diffusion -- training a generative AI model to produce adversarial images. Whereas a traditional adversarial attack algorithm aims to perturb an existing image to induce a misclassificaton, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Lucas Beerens , Catherine F. Higham , Desmond J. Higham

Generative models have made significant impacts across various domains, largely due to their ability to scale during training by increasing data, computational resources, and model size, a phenomenon characterized by the scaling laws.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Nanye Ma , Shangyuan Tong , Haolin Jia , Hexiang Hu , Yu-Chuan Su , Mingda Zhang , Xuan Yang , Yandong Li , Tommi Jaakkola , Xuhui Jia , Saining Xie

Computer vision models have been known to encode harmful biases, leading to the potentially unfair treatment of historically marginalized groups, such as people of color. However, there remains a lack of datasets balanced along demographic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Nicholas Lui , Bryan Chia , William Berrios , Candace Ross , Douwe Kiela

Diffusion and flow-based models have enabled significant progress in generation tasks across various modalities and have recently found applications in predictive learning. However, unlike typical generation tasks that encourage sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yu Zhang , Xingzhuo Guo , Haoran Xu , Jialong Wu , Mingsheng Long

Recent advances in latent diffusion models have enabled exciting progress in image style transfer. However, several key issues remain. For example, existing methods still struggle to accurately match styles. They are often limited in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Dan Ruta , Abdelaziz Djelouah , Raphael Ortiz , Christopher Schroers

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image and video generation. In this work, we demonstrate that diffusion models can also \textit{generate high-performing neural network parameters}. Our approach is simple, utilizing an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Kai Wang , Dongwen Tang , Boya Zeng , Yida Yin , Zhaopan Xu , Yukun Zhou , Zelin Zang , Trevor Darrell , Zhuang Liu , Yang You