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Various theoretical and empirical studies have accounted for why humans cooperate in competitive environments. Although prior work has revealed that network structure and multiplex interactions can promote cooperation, most theory assumes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-05 Jnanajyoti Bhaumik , Naoki Masuda

The diversity in wealth and social status is present not only among humans, but throughout the animal world. We account for this observation by generating random variables that determ ine the social diversity of players engaging in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-03-29 Matjaz Perc , Attila Szolnoki

This research investigates the impact of dynamic, time-varying interactions on cooperative behaviour in social dilemmas. Traditional research has focused on deterministic rules governing pairwise interactions, yet the impact of interaction…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-20 Yujie He , Tianyu Ren , Xiao-Jun Zeng , Huawen Liang , Liukai Yu , Junjun Zheng

We have studied the impact of time-dependent learning capacities of players in the framework of spatial prisoner's dilemma game. In our model, this capacity of players may decrease or increase in time after strategy adoption according to a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-09-21 Attila Szolnoki , Zhen Wang , Jinlong Wang , Xiaodan Zhu

Competition among cooperators, defectors, and loners is studied in an evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game with optional participation. Loners are risk averse i.e. unwilling to participate and rather rely on small but fixed earnings. This…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Gyorgy Szabo , Christoph Hauert

We present a collaboration ring model -- a network of players playing the prisoner's dilemma game and collaborating among the nearest neighbours by forming coalitions. The microscopic stochastic updating of the players' strategies are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-13 Joy Das Bairagya , Jonathan Newton , Sagar Chakraborty

Punishment and partner switching are two well-studied mechanisms that support the evolution of cooperation. Observation of human behaviour suggests that the extent to which punishment is adopted depends on the usage of alternative…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-26 Hirofumi Takesue

The significance of network structures in promoting group cooperation within social dilemmas has been widely recognized. Prior studies attribute this facilitation to the assortment of strategies driven by spatial interactions. Although…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tianyu Ren , Xiao-Jun Zeng

It is generally believed that in a situation where individual and collective interests are in conflict, the availability of optional participation is a key mechanism to maintain cooperation. Surprisingly, this effect is sensitive to the use…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-06-21 Marcos Cardinot , Colm O'Riordan , Josephine Griffith , Attila Szolnoki

Cooperation is a very common, yet not fully-understood phenomenon in natural and human systems. The introduction of a network within the population is known to affect the outcome of cooperative dynamics, allowing for the survival of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-28 Joan T. Matamalas , Julia Poncela-Casasnovas , Sergio Gómez , Alex Arenas

We study an evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game with two layered graphs, where the lower layer is the physical infrastructure on which the interactions are taking place and the upper layer represents the connections for the strategy…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhi-Xi Wu , Ying-Hai Wang

Destructive agents, who opt out of the game and indiscriminately harm others, paradoxically foster cooperation, representing an intriguing variant of the voluntary participation strategy. Yet, their impact on cooperation remains…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-13 Khadija Khatun , Chen Shen , Lei Shi , Jun Tanimoto

This paper studies scenarios of cyclic dominance in a coevolutionary spatial model in which game strategies and links between agents adaptively evolve over time. The Optional Prisoner's Dilemma (OPD) game is employed. The OPD is an extended…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Marcos Cardinot , Josephine Griffith , Colm O'Riordan

Dynamics of evolutionary games strongly depend on underlying networks. We study the coevolutionary prisoner's dilemma in which players change their local networks as well as strategies (i.e., cooperate or defect). This topic has been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-01-25 Yoshimi Yoshino , Naoki Masuda

Cooperation is the backbone of modern human societies, making it a priority to understand how successful cooperation-sustaining mechanisms operate. Cyclic dominance, a non-transitive setup comprising at least three strategies wherein the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-05 Hao Guo , Zhao Song , Sunčana Geček , Xuelong Li , Marko Jusup , Matjaz Perc , Yamir Moreno , Stefano Boccaletti , Zhen Wang

Recent empirical studies suggest that heavy-tailed distributions of human activities are universal in real social dynamics [Muchnik, \emph{et al.}, Sci. Rep. \textbf{3}, 1783 (2013)]. On the other hand, community structure is ubiquitous in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-01-14 Zhi-Xi Wu , Zhihai Rong , Han-Xin Yang

Repeated interaction between individuals is the main mechanism for maintaining cooperation in social dilemma situations. Variants of tit-for-tat (repeating the previous action of the opponent) and the win-stay lose-shift strategy are known…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-11-08 Shoma Tanabe , Naoki Masuda

Understanding cooperation in social dilemmas requires models that capture the complexity of real-world interactions. While network frameworks have provided valuable insights to model the evolution of cooperation, they are unable to encode…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-15 Onkar Sadekar , Andrea Civilini , Vito Latora , Federico Battiston

Cooperation is a difficult proposition in the face of Darwinian selection. Those that defect have an evolutionary advantage over cooperators who should therefore die out. However, spatial structure enables cooperators to survive through the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-02 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Individuals might abstain from participating in an instance of an evolutionary game for various reasons, ranging from lack of interest to risk aversion. In order to understand the consequences of such diverse activity patterns on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-10 Cheng-Yi Xia , Sandro Meloni , Matjaz Perc , Yamir Moreno
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