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A fault-tolerant quantum computation requires an efficient means to detect and correct errors that accumulate in encoded quantum information. In the context of machine learning, neural networks are a promising new approach to quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 P. Baireuther , T. E. O'Brien , B. Tarasinski , C. W. J. Beenakker

We describe a pipeline approach to decoding the surface code using minimum weight perfect matching, including taking into account correlations between detection events. An independent no-communication parallelizable processing stage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Alexandru Paler , Austin G. Fowler

Finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAIDs) for LDPC codes were recently shown to be capable of surpassing the Belief Propagation (BP) decoder in the error floor region on the Binary Symmetric channel (BSC). More recently, the technique of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-20 Shiva Kumar Planjery , Bane Vasic , David Declercq

We show in this work that reinforcement learning can be successfully applied to decoding short to moderate length sparse graph-based channel codes. Specifically, we focus on low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, which for example have been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Salman Habib , Allison Beemer , Joerg Kliewer

Efficient high-performance decoding of topological stabilizer codes has the potential to crucially improve the balance between logical failure rates and the number and individual error rates of the constituent qubits. High-threshold…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling quantum advantages, with decoding as a central algorithmic primitive. Owing to its importance and intrinsic difficulty, substantial effort has been made to QEC decoder design, among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Ge Yan , Shanchuan Li , Yuxuan Du

Color codes present distinct advantages for fault-tolerant quantum computing, such as high encoding rates and the transversal implementation of Clifford gates. However, existing matching-based decoders for the color codes such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Yantong Liu , Junjie Wu , Lingling Lao

Topological codes have many desirable properties that allow fault-tolerant quantum computation with relatively low overhead. A core challenge for these codes, however, is to achieve a low-overhead universal gate set with limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Julio C. Magdalena de la Fuente , Noa Feldman , Jens Eisert , Andreas Bauer

The error floor phenomenon observed with LDPC codes and their graph-based, iterative, message-passing (MP) decoders is commonly attributed to the existence of error-prone substructures -- variously referred to as near codewords, trapping…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-09-11 Xiaojie Zhang , Paul H. Siegel

The surface code is designed to suppress errors in quantum computing hardware and currently offers the most believable pathway to large-scale quantum computation. The surface code requires a 2-D array of nearest-neighbor coupled qubits that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-04 Austin G. Fowler

While low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are near capacity-achieving when paired with iterative decoders, these decoders may not output a codeword due to the existence of pseudocodewords. Thus, pseudocodewords have been studied to give…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Wittawat Kositwattanarerk , Gretchen L. Matthews , Emily McMillon , Tunchanok Yutitumsatit

We study exact decoding for the toric code and for planar and rotated surface codes under the standard independent \(X/Z\) noise model, focusing on Separate Minimum Weight (SMW) decoding and Separate Most Likely Coset (SMLC) decoding. For…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Louay Bazzi

Error correction is a significant step in postprocessing of continuous-variable quantum key distribution system, which is used to make two distant legitimate parties share identical corrected keys. We propose an experiment demonstration of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-17 Xiangyu Wang , Yi-Chen Zhang , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Lookup table decoding is fast and distance-preserving, making it attractive for near-term quantum computer architectures with small-distance quantum error-correcting codes. In this work, we develop several optimization tools that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Balint Pato , Theerapat Tansuwannont , Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown

To unleash the potential of quantum computers, noise effects on qubits' performance must be carefully managed. The decoders responsible for diagnosing noise-induced computational errors must use resources efficiently to enable scaling to…

We consider the problem of constructing deletion correcting codes over a binary alphabet and take a graph theoretic view. An $n$-bit $s$-deletion correcting code is an independent set in a particular graph. We propose constructing such a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-11-20 Daniel Cullina , Ankur A. Kulkarni , Negar Kiyavash

The realization of quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for reaching the full potential of fault-tolerant universal quantum computation. Using a range of different schemes, logical qubits can be redundantly encoded in a set…

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

We consider realistic, multi-parameter error models and investigate the performance of the surface code for three possible fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computer architectures. We map amplitude and phase damping to a diagonal Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-21 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , Michael R. Geller

The goal of the present paper is the derivation of a framework for the finite-length analysis of message-passing iterative decoding of low-density parity-check codes. To this end we introduce the concept of graph-cover decoding. Whereas in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Pascal O. Vontobel , Ralf Koetter