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A class of recent semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods heavily rely on domain-specific data augmentations. In contrast, generative SSL methods involve unsupervised learning based on generative models by either joint-training or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Yunfu Song , Huahuan Zheng , Zhijian Ou

Self-supervised learning (SSL) representations from massively multilingual models offer a promising solution for low-resource language speech tasks. Despite advancements, language adaptation in TTS systems remains an open problem. This…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has advanced speech processing but suffers from quadratic complexity due to self-attention. To address this, SummaryMixing (SM) has been proposed as a linear-time alternative that summarizes entire utterances…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 Aditya Srinivas Menon , Kumud Tripathi , Raj Gohil , Pankaj Wasnik

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has become a powerful solution to extract rich representations from unlabeled data. Yet, SSL research is mostly focused on clean, curated and high-quality datasets. As a result, applying SSL on noisy data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Wenquan Lu , Jiaqi Zhang , Hugues Van Assel , Randall Balestriero

There is a surge in interest in self-supervised learning approaches for end-to-end speech encoding in recent years as they have achieved great success. Especially, WavLM showed state-of-the-art performance on various speech processing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-21 Hyungchan Song , Sanyuan Chen , Zhuo Chen , Yu Wu , Takuya Yoshioka , Min Tang , Jong Won Shin , Shujie Liu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has grown in interest within the speech processing community, since it produces representations that are useful for many downstream tasks. SSL uses global and contextual methods to produce robust…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Subrina Sultana , Donald S. Williamson

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is important for reducing the annotation cost for medical image segmentation models. State-of-the-art SSL methods such as Mean Teacher, FixMatch and Cross Pseudo Supervision (CPS) are mainly based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Weiren Zhao , Lanfeng Zhong , Xin Liao , Wenjun Liao , Sichuan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Guotai Wang

With recent progress in joint modeling of visual and textual representations, Vision-Language Pretraining (VLP) has achieved impressive performance on many multimodal downstream tasks. However, the requirement for expensive annotations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Zirui Wang , Jiahui Yu , Adams Wei Yu , Zihang Dai , Yulia Tsvetkov , Yuan Cao

ML-SUPERB evaluates self-supervised learning (SSL) models on the tasks of language identification and automatic speech recognition (ASR). This benchmark treats the models as feature extractors and uses a single shallow downstream model,…

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) partially circumvents the high cost of labeling data by augmenting a small labeled dataset with a large and relatively cheap unlabeled dataset drawn from the same distribution. This paper offers a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Saki Shinoda , Daniel E. Worrall , Gabriel J. Brostow

Recently, fine-tuning large pre-trained Transformer models using downstream datasets has received a rising interest. Despite their success, it is still challenging to disentangle the benefits of large-scale datasets and Transformer…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-19 Junyi Peng , Oldřich Plchot , Themos Stafylakis , Ladislav Mošner , Lukáš Burget , Jan Černocký

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing by learning from massive datasets, yet this rapid progress has also drawn legal scrutiny, as the ability to unintentionally generate copyrighted content has already…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tianyang Xu , Xiaoze Liu , Feijie Wu , Xiaoqian Wang , Jing Gao

The need for abundant labelled data in supervised Adversarial Training (AT) has prompted the use of Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) techniques with AT. However, the direct application of existing SSL methods to adversarial training has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sravanti Addepalli , Priyam Dey , R. Venkatesh Babu

Language models have become increasingly powerful tools for formal mathematical reasoning. However, most existing approaches rely exclusively on either large general-purpose models or smaller specialized models, each with distinct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nicolas Wischermann , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Gabriel Poesia , Francesco Noseda

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for learning flexible speech representations from unlabeled data. By designing pretext tasks that exploit statistical regularities, SSL models can capture useful…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Yusuf Brima , Ulf Krumnack , Simone Pika , Gunther Heidemann

The lack of labeled data is a common challenge in speech classification tasks, particularly those requiring extensive subjective assessment, such as cognitive state classification. In this work, we propose a Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Zixing Zhang , Jing Han , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

Pre-training on large-scale, high-quality datasets is crucial for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in specialized domains such as mathematics. Despite the recognized importance, the Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Xiaotian Han , Yiren Jian , Xuefeng Hu , Haogeng Liu , Yiqi Wang , Qihang Fan , Yuang Ai , Huaibo Huang , Ran He , Zhenheng Yang , Quanzeng You

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models such as WavLM have substantially advanced speaker diarization by providing rich contextual speech representations. However, the high computational and memory costs of these models hinder deployment in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Jiangyu Han , Petr Pálka , Marc Delcroix , Federico Landini , Johan Rohdin , Jan Cernocký , Lukáš Burget

Using large training datasets enhances the generalization capabilities of neural networks. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is useful when there are few labeled data and a lot of unlabeled data. SSL methods that use data augmentation are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Himmet Toprak Kesgin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a scalable way to learn general visual representations since it learns without labels. However, large-scale unlabeled datasets in the wild often have long-tailed label distributions, where we know little…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hong Liu , Jeff Z. HaoChen , Adrien Gaidon , Tengyu Ma