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Logic locking protects an IC from threats such as piracy of design IP and unauthorized overproduction throughout the IC supply chain. Out of the several techniques proposed by the research community, provably-secure logic locking (PSLL) has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Satwik Patnaik , Nimisha Limaye , Ozgur Sinanoglu

High-level synthesis (HLS) is the next emerging trend for designing complex customized architectures for applications such as Machine Learning, Video Processing. It provides a higher level of abstraction and freedom to hardware engineers to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Mukta Debnath , Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Debasri Saha , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Hardware trojan detection methods, based on machine learning (ML) techniques, mainly identify suspected circuits but lack the ability to explain how the decision was arrived at. An explainable methodology and architecture is introduced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Paul Whitten , Francis Wolff , Chris Papachristou

As the semiconductor industry has shifted to a fabless paradigm, the risk of hardware Trojans being inserted at various stages of production has also increased. Recently, there has been a growing trend toward the use of machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Rahul Vishwakarma , Amin Rezaei

There are increasing concerns about possible malicious modifications of integrated circuits (ICs) used in critical applications. Such attacks are often referred to as hardware Trojans. While many techniques focus on hardware Trojan…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Tony F. Wu , Karthik Ganesan , Yunqing Alexander Hu , H. -S. Philip Wong , Simon Wong , Subhasish Mitra

The threat of hardware Trojans has been widely recognized by academia, industry, and government agencies. A Trojan can compromise security of a system in spite of cryptographic protection. The damage caused by a Trojan may not be limited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Elena Dubrova , Mats Näslund , Gunnar Carlsson , John Fornehed , Ben Smeets

Intellectual Property (IP) piracy, overbuilding, reverse engineering, and hardware Trojan are serious security concerns during integrated circuit (IC) development. Logic locking has proven to be a solid defence for mitigating these threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Vijaypal Singh Rathor , Munesh Singh , Kshira Sagar Sahoo , Saraju P. Mohanty

Offshoring the proprietary Intellectual property (IP) has recently increased the threat of malicious logic insertion in the form of Hardware Trojan (HT). A potential and stealthy HT is triggered with nets that switch rarely during regular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Sheikh Ariful Islam , Love Kumar Sah , Srinivas Katkoori

Software-exploitable Hardware Trojans (HTs) enable attackers to execute unauthorized software or gain illicit access to privileged operations. This manuscript introduces a hardware-based methodology for detecting runtime HT activations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Alessandro Palumbo , Ruben Salvador

Integrated circuit (IC) piracy and overproduction are serious issues that threaten the security and integrity of a system. Logic locking is a type of hardware obfuscation technique where additional key gates are inserted into the circuit.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Michael Yue , Fatemeh Tehranipoor

Industrial Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) often comprise hundreds of thousands to millions of nets and millions to tens of millions of connectivity edges, making empirical evaluation of hardware-Trojan (HT) detectors on realistic designs both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaroslav Popryho , Debjit Pal , Inna Partin-Vaisband

Traditionally, inserting realistic Hardware Trojans (HTs) into complex hardware systems has been a time-consuming and manual process, requiring comprehensive knowledge of the design and navigating intricate Hardware Description Language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Md Omar Faruque , Peter Jamieson , Ahmad Patooghy , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy

Hardware Trojans (HT s) are a persistent threat to integrated circuits, especially when inserted at the register-transfer level (RTL). Existing methods typically first convert the design into a graph, such as a gate-level netlist or an…

Many design companies have gone fabless and rely on external fabrication facilities to produce chips due to increasing cost of semiconductor manufacturing. However, not all of these facilities can be considered trustworthy; some may inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kevin Kwiat , Jason Kulick , Paul Ratazzi

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning paradigm where an autonomous agent learns to make an optimal sequence of decisions by interacting with the underlying environment. The promise demonstrated by RL-guided workflows in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Satwik Patnaik , Vasudev Gohil , Hao Guo , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

Insertion of hardware Trojans (HTs) in integrated circuits is a pernicious threat. Since HTs are activated under rare trigger conditions, detecting them using random logic simulations is infeasible. In this work, we design a reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Vasudev Gohil , Satwik Patnaik , Hao Guo , Dileep Kalathil , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

In the fourth industrial revolution, securing the protection of the supply chain has become an ever-growing concern. One such cyber threat is a hardware Trojan (HT), a malicious modification to an IC. HTs are often identified in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Kento Hasegawa , Kazuki Yamashita , Seira Hidano , Kazuhide Fukushima , Kazuo Hashimoto , Nozomu Togawa

Logic locking (LL) has gained attention as a promising intellectual property protection measure for integrated circuits. However, recent attacks, facilitated by machine learning (ML), have shown the potential to predict the correct key in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yinghua Hu , Kaixin Yang , Subhajit Dutta Chowdhury , Pierluigi Nuzzo

In this paper, we will demonstrate Hardware Trojan Attacks on four different digital designs implemented on FPGA. The hardware trojan is activated based on special logical and reduction-based operations on vectors which makes the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Mayukhmali Das , Sounak Dutta , Sayan Chatterjee

The commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) component based ecosystem provides an attractive system design paradigm due to the drastic reduction in development time and cost compared to custom solutions. However, it brings in a growing concern of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Mahmudul Hasan , Jonathan Cruz , Prabuddha Chakraborty , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque