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Recurrent neural network grammars (RNNG) are generative models of language which jointly model syntax and surface structure by incrementally generating a syntax tree and sentence in a top-down, left-to-right order. Supervised RNNGs achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Yoon Kim , Alexander M. Rush , Lei Yu , Adhiguna Kuncoro , Chris Dyer , Gábor Melis

Large pre-trained language models have shown remarkable performance over the past few years. These models, however, sometimes learn superficial features from the dataset and cannot generalize to the distributions that are dissimilar to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Jieyu Zhao , Xuezhi Wang , Yao Qin , Jilin Chen , Kai-Wei Chang

Are large language models (LLMs) sensitive to the distinction between humanly possible and impossible languages? This question was recently used in a broader debate on whether LLMs and humans share the same innate learning biases. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Imry Ziv , Nur Lan , Emmanuel Chemla

Human language is full of compositional syntactic structures, and although neural networks have contributed to groundbreaking improvements in computer systems that process language, widely-used neural network architectures still exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Brian DuSell

Context-free languages are widely used to describe the syntax of programming languages and natural languages. Usually, we describe a context-free language mathematically with the help of context-free grammar (for generation) or pushdown…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Krasimir Yordzhev

Large language models (LLMs) are known to exhibit brittle behavior under adversarial prompts and jailbreak attacks, even after extensive alignment and fine-tuning. This fragility reflects a broader challenge of modern neural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Patrick Cooper , Alireza Nadali , Ashutosh Trivedi , Alvaro Velasquez

While state-of-the-art neural network models continue to achieve lower perplexity scores on language modeling benchmarks, it remains unknown whether optimizing for broad-coverage predictive performance leads to human-like syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Jennifer Hu , Jon Gauthier , Peng Qian , Ethan Wilcox , Roger P. Levy

Consistency, which refers to the capability of generating the same predictions for semantically similar contexts, is a highly desirable property for a sound language understanding model. Although recent pretrained language models (PLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Myeongjun Jang , Deuk Sin Kwon , Thomas Lukasiewicz

A controversial test for Large Language Models concerns the ability to discern possible from impossible language. While some evidence attests to the models' sensitivity to what crosses the limits of grammatically impossible language, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Evelina Leivada , Raquel Montero , Paolo Morosi , Natalia Moskvina , Tamara Serrano , Marcel Aguilar , Fritz Guenther

Can a machine understand the meanings of natural language? Recent developments in the generative large language models (LLMs) of artificial intelligence have led to the belief that traditional philosophical assumptions about machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Vladimír Havlík

Recurrent neural networks are a widely used class of neural architectures. They have, however, two shortcomings. First, it is difficult to understand what exactly they learn. Second, they tend to work poorly on sequences requiring long-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Cheng Wang , Mathias Niepert

We present a probabilistic language model for time-stamped text data which tracks the semantic evolution of individual words over time. The model represents words and contexts by latent trajectories in an embedding space. At each moment in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-19 Robert Bamler , Stephan Mandt

Traditional language models treat language as a finite state automaton on a probability space over words. This is a very strong assumption when modeling something inherently complex such as language. In this paper, we challenge this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-04 Kushal Arora , Anand Rangarajan

A common assumption in machine learning is that samples are independently and identically distributed (i.i.d). However, the contributions of different samples are not identical in training. Some samples are difficult to learn and some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ou Wu , Weiyao Zhu , Yingjun Deng , Haixiang Zhang , Qinghu Hou

This work attempts to give new theoretical insights to the absence of intermediate stages in the evolution of language. In particular, it is developed an automata networks approach to a crucial question: how a population of language users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-07 Javier Vera , Eric Goles

How do language models learn to make predictions during pre-training? To study this, we extract learning curves from five autoregressive English language model pre-training runs, for 1M unseen tokens in context. We observe that the language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Tyler A. Chang , Zhuowen Tu , Benjamin K. Bergen

The physics of randomness and regularities for languages (mother tongues) and their lifetimes and family trees and for the second languages are studied in terms of two opposite processes; random multiplicative noise [1], and fragmentation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-07-20 Caglar Tuncay

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

In the realm of spoken language understanding (SLU), numerous natural language understanding (NLU) methodologies have been adapted by supplying large language models (LLMs) with transcribed speech instead of conventional written text. In…

In this paper we argue that key, often sensational and misleading, claims regarding linguistic capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are based on at least two unfounded assumptions; the assumption of language completeness and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Abeba Birhane , Marek McGann