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The Receptance Weighted Key Value (RWKV) model offers a novel alternative to the Transformer architecture, merging the benefits of recurrent and attention-based systems. Unlike conventional Transformers, which depend heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhiyuan Li , Tingyu Xia , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Transformers have revolutionized almost all natural language processing (NLP) tasks but suffer from memory and computational complexity that scales quadratically with sequence length. In contrast, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) exhibit…

As is known, hybrid quadratic and subquadratic attention models in multi-head architectures have surpassed both Transformer and Linear RNN models , with these works primarily focusing on reducing KV complexity and improving efficiency. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Lin Yueyu , Li Zhiyuan , Peter Yue , Liu Xiao

Owing to the impressive dot-product attention, the Transformers have been the dominant architectures in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Recently, the Receptance Weighted Key Value (RWKV) architecture follows a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Leilei Wang

Traditional Transformers face a major bottleneck in long-sequence time series forecasting due to their quadratic complexity $(\mathcal{O}(T^2))$ and their limited ability to effectively exploit frequency-domain information. Inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Qingyuan Yang , Shizhuo Deng , Dongyue Chen , Da Teng , Zehua Gan

Recently, recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) gains increasing popularity due to its natural streaming capability as well as superior performance. Nevertheless, RNN-T training requires large time and computation resources as RNN-T…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Keyu An , Xian Shi , Shiliang Zhang

Encoder-decoder based sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated state-of-the-art results in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR). Recently, the transformer architecture, which uses self-attention to model temporal context…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

Traditional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures, such as LSTM and GRU, have historically held prominence in time series tasks. However, they have recently seen a decline in their dominant position across various time series tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Haowen Hou , F. Richard Yu

Transformer has achieved competitive performance against state-of-the-art end-to-end models in automatic speech recognition (ASR), and requires significantly less training time than RNN-based models. The original Transformer, with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-14 Wenyong Huang , Wenchao Hu , Yu Ting Yeung , Xiao Chen

Transformers have shown dominant performance across a range of domains including language and vision. However, their computational cost grows quadratically with the sequence length, making their usage prohibitive for resource-constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yinghan Long , Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury , Kaushik Roy

This paper reviews the development of the Receptance Weighted Key Value (RWKV) architecture, emphasizing its advancements in efficient language modeling. RWKV combines the training efficiency of Transformers with the inference efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Akul Datta

The recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) is a prominent streaming end-to-end (E2E) ASR technology. In RNN-T, the acoustic encoder commonly consists of stacks of LSTMs. Very recently, as an alternative to LSTM layers, the Conformer…

RWKV is a modern RNN architecture that approaches the performance of Transformers, with the advantage of processing long contexts at a linear memory cost. However, its sequential computation pattern struggles to efficiently leverage GPU…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Liu Shijie , Zeng Zhenghao , Jiao Han , Huang Yihua

Style transfer aims to generate a new image preserving the content but with the artistic representation of the style source. Most of the existing methods are based on Transformers or diffusion models, however, they suffer from quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Miaomiao Dai , Qianyu Zhou , Lizhuang Ma

Transformer-based architectures are the most used architectures in many deep learning fields like Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision or Speech processing. It may encourage the direct use of Transformers in the constrained tasks,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Youness Dkhissi , Valentin Vielzeuf , Elys Allesiardo , Anthony Larcher

Recent studies reveal the potential of recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) for end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition. Among some most popular E2E systems including RNN-T, Attention Encoder-Decoder (AED), and Connectionist Temporal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Bin Wang , Yan Yin , Hui Lin

Transformer-based acoustic modeling has achieved great suc-cess for both hybrid and sequence-to-sequence speech recogni-tion. However, it requires access to the full sequence, and thecomputational cost grows quadratically with respect to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Chunyang Wu , Yongqiang Wang , Yangyang Shi , Ching-Feng Yeh , Frank Zhang

To address the challenges of high computational costs and long-distance dependencies in exist ing video understanding methods, such as CNNs and Transformers, this work introduces RWKV to the video domain in a novel way. We propose a LSTM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Zhuowen Yin , Chengru Li , Xingbo Dong

The advent of Transformers marked a significant breakthrough in sequence modelling, providing a highly performant architecture capable of leveraging GPU parallelism. However, Transformers are computationally expensive at inference time,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Leo Feng , Frederick Tung , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Mohamed Osama Ahmed , Yoshua Bengio , Greg Mori

Existing paradigms for remote sensing change detection are caught in a trade-off: CNNs excel at efficiency but lack global context, while Transformers capture long-range dependencies at a prohibitive computational cost. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhenyu Yang , Gensheng Pei , Tao Chen , Xia Yuan , Haofeng Zhang , Xiangbo Shu , Yazhou Yao
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