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Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across organizations without sharing raw data, addressing crucial privacy concerns in healthcare natural language processing (NLP). However, training large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Lihong Zhang , Yue Li

Large language models (LLMs) are a class of artificial intelligence models based on deep learning, which have great performance in various tasks, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Large language models typically consist of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-04 Jiajia Liu , Mengyuan Yang , Yankai Yu , Haixia Xu , Tiangang Wang , Kang Li , Xiaobo Zhou

Personalizing large language models (LLMs) is essential for delivering tailored interactions that improve user experience. Many existing personalization methods require fine-tuning LLMs for each user, rendering them prohibitively expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yijing Zhang , Dyah Adila , Changho Shin , Frederic Sala

Personalized large language models (LLMs) are designed to tailor responses to individual user preferences. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a commonly used framework for aligning LLMs with human preferences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xinyu Li , Ruiyang Zhou , Zachary C. Lipton , Liu Leqi

The reliance of language model training on massive amounts of computation and vast datasets scraped from potentially low-quality, copyrighted, or sensitive data has come into question practically, legally, and ethically. Federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Alex Iacob , Lorenzo Sani , Bill Marino , Preslav Aleksandrov , William F. Shen , Nicholas Donald Lane

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs), which closely track user data and context, has prompted users to share personal and private information in unprecedented ways. Even when users opt out of allowing their data to be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 GodsGift Uzor , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

User modeling (UM) aims to discover patterns or learn representations from user data about the characteristics of a specific user, such as profile, preference, and personality. The user models enable personalization and suspiciousness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Federated learning is a distributed, on-device computation framework that enables training global models without exporting sensitive user data to servers. In this work, we describe methods to extend the federation framework to evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Kangkang Wang , Rajiv Mathews , Chloé Kiddon , Hubert Eichner , Françoise Beaufays , Daniel Ramage

Ensuring Large Language Models (LLMs) align with diverse human preferences while preserving privacy and fairness remains a challenge. Existing methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), rely on centralized data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Mahmoud Srewa , Tianyu Zhao , Salma Elmalaki

Personality detection aims to detect one's personality traits underlying in social media posts. One challenge of this task is the scarcity of ground-truth personality traits which are collected from self-report questionnaires. Most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Linmei Hu , Hongyu He , Duokang Wang , Ziwang Zhao , Yingxia Shao , Liqiang Nie

Language models (LMs) are machine learning models designed to predict linguistic patterns by estimating the probability of word sequences based on large-scale datasets, such as text. LMs have a wide range of applications in natural language…

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at producing broadly relevant text, but this generality becomes a limitation when user-specific preferences are required, such as recommending restaurants or planning travel. In these scenarios, users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ioannis Tsaknakis , Bingqing Song , Shuyu Gan , Dongyeop Kang , Alfredo Garcia , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

The surge in interest and application of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a drive to fine-tune these models to suit specific applications, such as finance and medical science. However, concerns regarding data privacy have emerged,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xiao-Yang Liu , Rongyi Zhu , Daochen Zha , Jiechao Gao , Shan Zhong , Matt White , Meikang Qiu

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven considerable interest in fine-tuning them with domain-specific data to create specialized language models. Nevertheless, such domain-specific fine-tuning data often contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yijia Xiao , Yiqiao Jin , Yushi Bai , Yue Wu , Xianjun Yang , Xiao Luo , Wenchao Yu , Xujiang Zhao , Yanchi Liu , Quanquan Gu , Haifeng Chen , Wei Wang , Wei Cheng

In modern financial markets, investors increasingly seek personalized and adaptive portfolio strategies that reflect their individual risk preferences and respond to dynamic market conditions. Traditional rule-based or static optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Bangyu Li , Boping Gu , Ziyang Ding

While open Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress, they still fall short of matching the performance of their closed, proprietary counterparts, making the latter attractive even for the use on highly private data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Vincent Hanke , Tom Blanchard , Franziska Boenisch , Iyiola Emmanuel Olatunji , Michael Backes , Adam Dziedzic

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver powerful AI capabilities but face deployment challenges due to high resource costs and latency, whereas Small Language Models (SLMs) offer efficiency and deployability at the cost of reduced performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yi Chen , JiaHao Zhao , HaoHao Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong performance on a wide range of natural language tasks, since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022. LLMs' ability of general-purpose language understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shervin Minaee , Tomas Mikolov , Narjes Nikzad , Meysam Chenaghlu , Richard Socher , Xavier Amatriain , Jianfeng Gao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. Their potential for deeper user understanding and improved personalized user experience on recommendation platforms is,…