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Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collectively train a high-performance global model without sharing their private data. However, the key challenge in federated learning is that the clients have significant statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Liang Gao , Huazhu Fu , Li Li , Yingwen Chen , Ming Xu , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Federated Learning (FL) enables training a global model without sharing the decentralized raw data stored on multiple devices to protect data privacy. Due to the diverse capacity of the devices, FL frameworks struggle to tackle the problems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Guanghao Li , Yue Hu , Miao Zhang , Ji Liu , Quanjun Yin , Yong Peng , Dejing Dou

Federated Learning (FL) revolutionizes collaborative machine learning among Internet of Things (IoT) devices by enabling them to train models collectively while preserving data privacy. FL algorithms fall into two primary categories:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Liangkun Yu , Xiang Sun , Rana Albelaihi , Chaeeun Park , Sihua Shao

Privacy-preserving distributed model training is crucial for modern machine learning applications, yet existing Federated Learning approaches struggle with heterogeneous data distributions and varying computational capabilities. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Michael A. Helcig , Stefan Nastic

With the advancement of edge computing, federated learning (FL) displays a bright promise as a privacy-preserving collaborative learning paradigm. However, one major challenge for FL is the data heterogeneity issue, which refers to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Huan Wang , Haoran Li , Huaming Chen , Jun Yan , Lijuan Wang , Jiahua Shi , Shiping Chen , Jun Shen

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), AI model training on private data such as human sensing data is highly desired. Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a privacy-preserving distributed training framework for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Kaile Wang , Jiannong Cao , Yu Yang , Xiaoyin Li , Yinfeng Cao

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed devices to collaboratively train machine learning models while maintaining data privacy. However, the heterogeneous hardware capabilities of devices often result in significant training delays, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Letian Zhang , Bo Chen , Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Jie Xu

Foundation models (FMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in machine learning but demand extensive training data and computational resources. Federated learning (FL) addresses the challenges posed by FMs, especially related to data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiyun Shin , Jinhyun Ahn , Honggu Kang , Joonhyuk Kang

This work addresses the key challenges of applying federated learning to large-scale deep neural networks, particularly the issue of client drift due to data heterogeneity across clients and the high costs of communication, computation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jiaojiao Zhang , Yuqi Xu , Kun Yuan

Federated Learning is a novel paradigm that involves learning from data samples distributed across a large network of clients while the data remains local. It is, however, known that federated learning is prone to multiple system challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Amirhossein Reisizadeh , Isidoros Tziotis , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari , Ramtin Pedarsani

The rise of cloud-device collaborative computing has enabled intelligent services to be delivered across distributed edge devices while leveraging centralized cloud resources. In this paradigm, federated learning (FL) has become a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Xiao Zhang , Zengzhe Chen , Yuan Yuan , Yifei Zou , Fuzhen Zhuang , Wenyu Jiao , Yuke Wang , Dongxiao Yu

As privacy protection gains increasing importance, more models are being trained on edge devices and subsequently merged into the central server through Federated Learning (FL). However, current research overlooks the impact of network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Hangyu Li , Hongyue Wu , Guodong Fan , Zhen Zhang , Shizhan Chen , Zhiyong Feng

Federated Learning (FL) allows edge devices (or clients) to keep data locally while simultaneously training a shared high-quality global model. However, current research is generally based on an assumption that the training data of local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Zhe Zhang , Shiyao Ma , Jiangtian Nie , Yi Wu , Qiang Yan , Xiaoke Xu , Dusit Niyato

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients with distributed data sources to collaboratively train a shared model without compromising data privacy. However, existing FL paradigms face challenges due to heterogeneity in client data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Brianna Mueller , W. Nick Street , Stephen Baek , Qihang Lin , Jingyi Yang , Yankun Huang

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed Artificial Intelligence (AI) across cloud-edge environments by allowing collaborative model training without centralizing data. In cross-device deployments, FL systems face strict communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Daniel M. Jimenez-Gutierrez , Giovanni Giunta , Mehrdad Hassanzadeh , Aris Anagnostopoulos , Ioannis Chatzigiannakis , Andrea Vitaletti

Data heterogeneity across clients is one of the key challenges in Federated Learning (FL), which may slow down the global model convergence and even weaken global model performance. Most existing approaches tackle the heterogeneity by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jun Nie , Danyang Xiao , Lei Yang , Weigang Wu

Federated learning is a machine learning training paradigm that enables clients to jointly train models without sharing their own localized data. However, the implementation of federated learning in practice still faces numerous challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Yujia Wang , Lu Lin , Jinghui Chen

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that maximizes the potential of data-driven models for edge devices without sharing their raw data. However, devices often have non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Zijian Li , Zehong Lin , Jiawei Shao , Yuyi Mao , Jun Zhang

Federated Learning is an emerging learning paradigm that allows training models from samples distributed across a large network of clients while respecting privacy and communication restrictions. Despite its success, federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Isidoros Tziotis , Zebang Shen , Ramtin Pedarsani , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari

Federated learning is an emerging distributed machine learning method, enables a large number of clients to train a model without exchanging their local data. The time cost of communication is an essential bottleneck in federated learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Hao Sun , Li Shen , Shixiang Chen , Jingwei Sun , Jing Li , Guangzhong Sun , Dacheng Tao