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Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) form a critical component of Space Weather. The complex, intertwined dynamics of SEP sources, acceleration, and transport make their forecasting very challenging. Yet, information about SEP arrival and their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-26 Maher A. Dayeh , Subhamoy Chatterjee , Andres Munoz-Jaramillo , Kimberly Moreland , Hazel M. Bain , Samuel Hart

We introduce a new multivariate data set that utilizes multiple spacecraft collecting in-situ and remote sensing heliospheric measurements shown to be linked to physical processes responsible for generating solar energetic particles (SEPs).…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-30 Kimberly Moreland , Maher Dayeh , Hazel M. Bain , Subhamoy Chatterjee , Andres Munoz-Jaramillo , Samuel Hart

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are one of the most crucial aspects of space weather. Their prediction depends on various factors including the source solar eruptions such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The Geostationary…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-16 Sumanth A. Rotti , Petrus C. Martens

Prediction of the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events garner increasing interest as space missions extend beyond Earth's protective magnetosphere. These events, which are, in most cases, products of magnetic reconnection-driven processes…

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are one of the most crucial aspects of space weather that require continuous monitoring and forecasting using robust methods. We demonstrate a proof of concept of using a data-driven supervised…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-13 Sumanth A. Rotti , Berkay Aydin , Petrus C. Martens

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events pose severe threats to spacecraft, astronaut safety, and aviation operations. Accurate SEP forecasting remains a critical challenge in space weather research due to their complex origins and highly…

Space Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yian Yu , Yang Chen , Lulu Zhao , Kathryn Whitman , Ward Manchester , Tamas Gombosi

Large solar eruptive events, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can lead to solar energetic particle (SEP) events. During these events, protons are accelerated up to several GeV and pose numerous space weather risks.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Charlotte Waterfall , Silvia Dalla , Osku Raukunen , Daniel Heynderickx , Piers Jiggens , Rami Vainio

Solar energetic particles are a result of intense solar events such as solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). These latter events all together can cause major disruptions to spacecraft that are in Earth's orbit and outside of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi , Berkay Aydin , Petrus Martens , Rafal Angryk

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are an important product of solar activity. They are connected to solar active regions and flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), EUV waves, shocks, Type II and III radio emissions, and X-ray bursts. These…

Among the eruptive activity phenomena observed on the Sun, the most technology threatening ones are flares with associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs). Flares with associated CMEs and SEPs are produced…

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are known to occur following solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However some high-energy solar events do not result in SEPs being detected at Earth, and it is these types of event which may…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 Bill Swalwell , Silvia Dalla , Robert Walsh

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events, as one of the most prominent manifestations of solar activity, can generate severe hazardous radiation when accelerated by solar flares or shock waves formed aside from coronal mass ejections (CMEs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Anli Ji , Pranjal Patil , Chetraj Pandey , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Berkay Aydin

We present a new empirical model to predict solar energetic particle (SEP) event-integrated and peak intensity spectra between 10 and 130 MeV at 1 AU, based on multi-point spacecraft measurements from the Solar TErrestrial RElations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-24 Alessandro Bruno , Ian G. Richardson

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are one of the most crucial aspects of space weather that require continuous monitoring and forecasting. Their prediction depends on various factors including source eruptions. In the present work, we…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-27 Sumanth A. Rotti , Berkay Aydin , Petrus C. Martens

Solar Energetic Particle events (SEPs) are among the most dangerous transient phenomena of solar activity. As hazardous radiation, SEPs may affect the health of astronauts in outer space and adversely impact current and future space…

Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are an important component of Space Weather, including radiation hazard to humans and electronic equipment, and the ionisation of the Earth's atmosphere. We review the key observations of SEPs, our current…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-23 Karl-Ludwig Klein , Silvia Dalla

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are an essential source of space radiation, which are hazards for humans in space, spacecraft, and technology in general. In this paper we propose a deep learning method, specifically a bidirectional long…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-18 Yasser Abduallah , Vania K. Jordanova , Hao Liu , Qin Li , Jason T. L. Wang , Haimin Wang

We study the influence of the large-scale interplanetary magnetic field configuration on the solar energetic particles (SEPs) as detected at different satellites near Earth and on the correlation of their peak intensities with the parent…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-05 R. Miteva , K. -L. Klein , O. Malandraki , G. Dorrian

A statistical analysis of the relationship between solar energetic particles (SEPs) and properties of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is presented. SEP events during solar cycle 23 are selected which are associated with solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-18 M. Dierckxsens , K. Tziotziou , S. Dalla , I. Patsou , M. S. Marsh , N. B. Crosby , O. Malandraki , G. Tsiropoula

We present a catalog of solar energetic particle (SEP) events covering solar cycles 22, 23 and 24. We correlate and integrate three existing catalogs based on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) integral proton flux…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-21 Sumanth Rotti , Berkay Aydin , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Petrus C. Martens
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