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This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts. Over the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Gerhard Paaß , Sven Giesselbach

With the rapid development of IT operations, it has become increasingly crucial to efficiently manage and analyze large volumes of data for practical applications. The techniques of Natural Language Processing (NLP) have shown remarkable…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, enhancing capabilities in both language understanding and generation across diverse domains. However, developing LLMs for Arabic presents…

This paper introduces the retrieval-augmented large language model with Definite Finite Automaton (DFA-RAG), a novel framework designed to enhance the capabilities of conversational agents using large language models (LLMs). Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiyou Sun , Junjie Hu , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend, reason, and generate following nature language instructions. However, the development of LLMs has been primarily focused on high-resource languages, such as English,…

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is today a very active field of research and innovation. Many applications need however big sets of data for supervised learning, suitably labelled for the training purpose. This includes applications for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 ElMehdi Boujou , Hamza Chataoui , Abdellah El Mekki , Saad Benjelloun , Ikram Chairi , Ismail Berrada

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have recently gained significant attention in the domain of Recommendation Systems (RS). These models, trained on massive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Likang Wu , Zhi Zheng , Zhaopeng Qiu , Hao Wang , Hongchao Gu , Tingjia Shen , Chuan Qin , Chen Zhu , Hengshu Zhu , Qi Liu , Hui Xiong , Enhong Chen

Large language models excel in many human-language tasks but often falter in highly specialized domains like scholarly astronomy. To bridge this gap, we introduce AstroLLaMA, a 7-billion-parameter model fine-tuned from LLaMA-2 using over…

For languages with simple morphology, such as English, automatic annotation pipelines such as spaCy or Stanford's CoreNLP successfully serve projects in academia and the industry. For many morphologically-rich languages (MRLs), similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Reut Tsarfaty , Amit Seker , Shoval Sadde , Stav Klein

Large language models compress heterogeneous knowledge into a single parameter space, allowing facts from different domains to interfere during generation. We propose DALM, a Domain-Algebraic Language Model that replaces unconstrained token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Chao Li

Developing a high-performing large language models (LLMs) for low-resource languages such as Urdu, present several challenges. These challenges include the scarcity of high-quality datasets, multilingual inconsistencies, and safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Muhammad Ali Shafique , Kanwal Mehreen , Muhammad Arham , Maaz Amjad , Sabur Butt , Hamza Farooq

Most of the world's languages and dialects are low-resource, and lack support in mainstream machine translation (MT) models. However, many of them have a closely-related high-resource language (HRL) neighbor, and differ in linguistically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Niyati Bafna , Emily Chang , Nathaniel R. Robinson , David R. Mortensen , Kenton Murray , David Yarowsky , Hale Sirin

In this paper, we propose and describe the first open Llama2 large language models (LLMs) for the Lithuanian language, including an accompanying question/answer (Q/A) dataset and translations of popular LLM benchmarks. We provide a brief…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Artūras Nakvosas , Povilas Daniušis , Vytas Mulevičius

Synthetic tabular data generation has attracted growing attention due to its importance for data augmentation, foundation models, and privacy. However, real-world tabular datasets increasingly contain free-form text fields (e.g., reviews or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Donghong Cai , Jiarui Feng , Yanbo Wang , Da Zheng , Yixin Chen , Muhan Zhang

Tabular data, a prevalent data type across various domains, presents unique challenges due to its heterogeneous nature and complex structural relationships. Achieving high predictive performance and robustness in tabular data analysis holds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yucheng Ruan , Xiang Lan , Jingying Ma , Yizhi Dong , Kai He , Mengling Feng

Various large language models (LLMs) have been proposed in recent years, including closed- and open-source ones, continually setting new records on multiple benchmarks. However, the development of LLMs still faces several issues, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Ruyi Gan , Ziwei Wu , Renliang Sun , Junyu Lu , Xiaojun Wu , Dixiang Zhang , Kunhao Pan , Junqing He , Yuanhe Tian , Ping Yang , Qi Yang , Hao Wang , Jiaxing Zhang , Yan Song

Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bettina Messmer , Vinko Sabolčec , Martin Jaggi

This paper embarks on an exploration into the Large Language Model (LLM) datasets, which play a crucial role in the remarkable advancements of LLMs. The datasets serve as the foundational infrastructure analogous to a root system that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yang Liu , Jiahuan Cao , Chongyu Liu , Kai Ding , Lianwen Jin

As the latest advancements in natural language processing, large language models (LLMs) have achieved human-level language understanding and generation abilities in many real-world tasks, and even have been regarded as a potential path to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit emerging in-context learning abilities through prompt engineering. The recent progress in large-scale generative models has further expanded their use in real-world language applications. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Linyi Yang , Shuibai Zhang , Zhuohao Yu , Guangsheng Bao , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Ruochen Xu , Wei Ye , Xing Xie , Weizhu Chen , Yue Zhang