Related papers: Methods of quantifying specialized knowledge and n…
Social networks enable users to freely communicate with each other and share their recent news, ongoing activities or views about different topics. As a result, they can be seen as a potentially viable source of information to understand…
The aim of this paper is to investigate various information-theoretic measures, including entropy, mutual information, and some systematic measures that based on mutual information, for a class of structured spiking neuronal network. In…
Urban outputs, from economy to innovation, are known to grow as a power of a city's population. But, since large cities tend to be central in transportation and communication networks, the effects attributed to city size may be confounded…
In recent years, with the advent of massive computational power and the availability of huge amounts of data, Deep neural networks have enabled the exploration of uncharted areas in several domains. But at times, they under-perform due to…
This paper examines the changing nature of knowledge-based innovation systems in light of the dynamic interconnections between the university, industry and government. Industries have to assess in what way and to what extent they decide to…
Forecasting the cost evolution of emerging clean technologies is crucial for informed policy, investment, and decarbonization decisions, yet it remains deeply uncertain. Learning curves, which link cost declines to cumulative deployment,…
While great emphasis has been placed on the role of social interactions as driver of innovation growth, very few empirical studies have explicitly investigated the impact of social network structures on the innovation performance of cities.…
Knowledge distillation refers to the process of training a compact student network to achieve better accuracy by learning from a high capacity teacher network. Most of the existing knowledge distillation methods direct the student to follow…
Motivated by concerns that AI-driven entry-level automation may deprive new generations of valuable work experience, this paper studies how technological change affects the intergenerational transmission of tacit knowledge -- practical,…
Information propagation on networks is a central theme in social, behavioral, and economic sciences, with important theoretical and practical implications, such as the influence maximization problem for viral marketing. Here, we consider a…
Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new and diverse knowledge is essential for their lasting effectiveness in real-world applications. This survey provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods for expanding the knowledge of LLMs,…
Science prizes purportedly reward innovation and explorations of new phenomena. Yet, in practice prizes may inadvertently divert resources from similarly impactful but less celebrated scholars. Despite this paradox, knowledge of how…
National science systems have become embedded in global science and countries do everything they can to harness global knowledge to national economic needs. However, accessing and using the riches of global knowledge can occur only through…
In a context of ever more specialized scientists, interdisciplinarity receives increasing attention as innovating ideas are often situated where the disciplines meet. In many countries science policy makers installed dedicated funding…
Cities and metropolitan areas are major drivers of creativity and innovation in all possible sectors: scientific, technological, social, artistic, etc. The critical concentration and proximity of diverse mindsets and opportunities,…
After data selection, pre-processing, transformation, and feature extraction, knowledge extraction is not the final step in a data mining process. It is then necessary to understand this knowledge in order to apply it efficiently and…
The continuous growth of scientific literature brings innovations and, at the same time, raises new challenges. One of them is related to the fact that its analysis has become difficult due to the high volume of published papers for which…
This paper studies how the organization of production shapes democratic accountability. I propose a model in which learning economies make specialization productively efficient: most workers perform one-domain tasks, while a small set of…
The exchange of knowledge across different areas and disciplines plays a key role in the process of knowledge creation, and can stimulate innovation and the emergence of new fields. We develop here a quantitative framework to extract…
Societal accumulation of knowledge is a complex process. The correctness of new units of knowledge depends not only on the correctness of new reasoning, but also on the correctness of old units that the new one builds on. The errors in such…