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MagAO-X is the extreme coronagraphic adaptive optics (AO) instrument for the 6.5-meter Magellan Clay telescope and is currently undergoing a comprehensive batch of upgrades. One innovation that the instrument features is a deformable mirror…

Here we describe a simple, efficient, and most importantly fully operational point-spread-function(PSF)-reconstruction approach for laser-assisted ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) in the frame of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-08 Thierry Fusco , R. Bacon , S. Kamann , S. Conseil , Benoit Neichel , Carlos Correia , Olivier Beltramo-Martin , Joel Vernet , Johann Kolb , Pierre-Yves Madec

Time-delay error is a significant error source in adaptive optics (AO) systems. It arises from the latency between sensing the wavefront and applying the correction. Predictive control algorithms reduce the time-delay error, providing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-27 Jalo Nousiainen , Juha-Pekka Puska , Tapio Helin , Nuutti Hyvönen , Markus Kasper

The Santa Cruz Extreme AO Lab (SEAL) is a new visible-wavelength testbed designed to advance the state of the art in wavefront control for high contrast imaging on large, segmented, ground-based telescopes. SEAL provides multiple options…

The Magellan extreme adaptive optics (MagAO-X) instrument is a new extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) system designed for operation in the visible to near-IR which will deliver high contrast-imaging capabilities. The main AO system will be…

Adaptive optics (AO) system performance is improved using post-processing techniques, such as point spread function (PSF) deconvolution. The PSF estimation involves characterization of the different wavefront (WF) error sources in the AO…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-29 Florian Ferreira , Eric Gendron , Gérard Rousset , Damien Gratadour

A key challenge of high contrast imaging (HCI) is to differentiate a speckle from an exoplanet signal. The sources of speckles are a combination of atmospheric residuals and aberrations in the non-common path. Those non-common path…

Multiconjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems have the potential to deliver diffraction-limited images over much larger fields of view than traditional single conjugate adaptive optics systems. In MCAO, the high altitude deformable mirrors…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-19 Marcos A. van Dam , Yolanda Martín Hernando , Miguel Núñez Cagigal , Luzma M. Montoya

Due to turbulence in the atmosphere images taken from ground-based telescopes become distorted. With adaptive optics (AO) images can be given greater clarity allowing for better observations with existing telescopes and are essential for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-30 Javier Perez Soto , Cesar Laguna , Benjamin L. Gerard , Anne Dattilo , Vincent Chambouleyron , Rebecca Jensen-Clem

After 16 years of on-sky operation, Subaru Telescope's facility adaptive optics AO188 is getting several major upgrades to become the extreme-AO AO3000 (3000 actuators in the pupil compared to 188 previously). AO3000 will provide…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-28 Julien Lozi , Kyohoon Ahn , Christophe Clergeon , Vincent Deo , Olivier Guyon , Takashi Hattori , Yosuke Minowa , Shogo Nishiyama , Yoshito Ono , Sebastien Vievard

The direct imaging of potentially habitable Exoplanets is one prime science case for the next generation of high contrast imaging instruments on ground-based extremely large telescopes. To reach this demanding science goal, the instruments…

Non Common Path Aberrations (NCPA) are often considered as a critical issue in Adaptive Optics (AO) systems, since they introduce bias errors between real wavefronts propagating to the science detectors and those measured by the Wavefront…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-12 Francois Henault

We demonstrate a novel architecture for Adaptive Optics (AO) control based on FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), making active use of their configurable parallel processing capability. SPARC's unique capabilities are demonstrated…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-03 Avinash Surendran , Mahesh P. Burse , A. N. Ramaprakash , Jyotirmay Paul , Hillol K. Das , Padmakar S. Parihar

Two-wavelength adaptive optics (AO) systems sense turbulence-induced wavefront distortions using an artificial beacon or natural guidestar at one wavelength, while correcting and possibly transmitting at another. Although most existing AO…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-02 Milo W. Hyde , Matthew Kalensky , Mark F. Spencer

The next generation of large ground- and space-based optical telescopes will have segmented primary mirrors. Co-phasing the segments requires a sensitive wavefront sensor capable of measuring phase discontinuities. The Zernike wavefront…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-29 Maaike A. M. van Kooten , Sam Ragland , Rebecca Jensen-Clem , Yinzi Xin , Jacques-Robert Delorme , J. Kent Wallace

The use of Fourier methods in wave-front reconstruction can significantly reduce the computation time for large telescopes with a high number of degrees of freedom. However, Fourier algorithms for discrete data require a rectangular data…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-07 Charlotte Z. Bond , Carlos M. Correia , Jean-François Sauvage , Benoit Neichel , Thierry Fusco

The resolution and contrast of microscope imaging is often affected by aberrations introduced by imperfect optical systems and inhomogeneous refractive structures in specimens. Adaptive optics (AO) compensates these aberrations and restores…

Images obtained by microscopes are generally degraded by aberrations. Adaptive optics (AO) has been widely used in to compensate for aberrations and improve reduced image quality. Requiring no separate wavefront sensor, sensorless AO…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-23 Biwei Zhang , Qi Hu , Jingyu Wang , Martin J. Booth

We propose a new type of Wave Front Sensor (WFS) derived from the Pyramid WFS (PWFS). This new WFS, called the Flattened Pyramid-WFS (FPWFS), has a reduced Pyramid angle in order to optically overlap the four pupil images into an unique…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 O. Fauvarque , B. Neichel , T. Fusco , J. F. Sauvage

The nonlinear curvature wavefront sensor (nlCWFS) offers improved sensitivity for adaptive optics (AO) systems compared to existing wavefront sensors, such as the Shack-Hartmann. The nominal nlCWFS design uses a series of imaging planes…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-26 Stanimir Letchev , Jonathan Crass , Justin R. Crepp