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Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) must be rigorously tested on a wide range of scenarios to ensure safe deployment. The industry typically relies on closed-loop simulation to evaluate how the SDV interacts on a corpus of synthetic and real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jay Sarva , Jingkang Wang , James Tu , Yuwen Xiong , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Raquel Urtasun

Autocurricular training is an important sub-area of multi-agent reinforcement learning~(MARL) that allows multiple agents to learn emergent skills in an unsupervised co-evolving scheme. The robotics community has experimented autocurricular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boling Yang , Liyuan Zheng , Lillian J. Ratliff , Byron Boots , Joshua R. Smith

Efficient trajectory planning for urban intersections is currently one of the most challenging tasks for an Autonomous Vehicle (AV). Courteous behavior towards other traffic participants, the AV's comfort and its progression in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Oliver Speidel , Maximilian Graf , Ankit Kaushik , Thanh Phan-Huu , Andreas Wedel , Klaus Dietmayer

Despite the recent advancements in artificial intelligence technologies have shown great potential in improving transport efficiency and safety, autonomous vehicles(AVs) still face great challenge of driving in time-varying traffic flow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xiao Wang , Junru Yu , Jun Huang , Qiong Wu , Ljubo Vacic , Changyin Sun

This paper investigates the cooperative planning and control problem for multiple connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in different scenarios. In the existing literature, most of the methods suffer from significant problems in computational…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Xiaoxue Zhang , Zilong Cheng , Jun Ma , Sunan Huang , Frank L. Lewis , Tong Heng Lee

As autonomous vehicles (AVs) take on growing Operational Design Domains (ODDs), they need to go through a systematic, transparent, and scalable evaluation process to demonstrate their benefits to society. Current scenario sampling…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Anne Collin , Amitai Y. Bin-Nun , Radboud Duintjer Tebbens

Driver models play a vital role in developing and verifying autonomous vehicles (AVs). Previously, they are mainly applied in traffic flow simulation to model driver behavior. With the development of AVs, driver models attract much…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Cheng Wang , Fengwei Guo , Ruilin Yu , Luyao Wang , Yuxin Zhang

Being able to anticipate the motion of surrounding agents is essential for the safe operation of autonomous driving systems in dynamic situations. While various methods have been proposed for trajectory prediction, the current evaluation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Longchao Da , David Isele , Hua Wei , Manish Saroya

Ensuring safety in MARL, particularly when deploying it in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, emerges as a critical challenge. To address this challenge, traditional safe MARL methods extend MARL approaches to incorporate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhi Zheng , Shangding Gu

Ensuring safety in autonomous driving systems remains a critical challenge, particularly in handling rare but potentially catastrophic safety-critical scenarios. While existing research has explored generating safety-critical scenarios for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Zihao Sheng , Zilin Huang , Yansong Qu , Yue Leng , Sruthi Bhavanam , Sikai Chen

Current methods to learn controllers for autonomous vehicles (AVs) focus on behavioural cloning. Being trained only on exact historic data, the resulting agents often generalize poorly to novel scenarios. Simulators provide the opportunity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Asen Nachkov , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

The long-tail distribution of real driving data poses challenges for training and testing autonomous vehicles (AV), where rare yet crucial safety-critical scenarios are infrequent. And virtual simulation offers a low-cost and efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Ziyuan Yang , Zhaoyang Li , Jianming Hu , Yi Zhang

Behavior planning and decision-making are some of the biggest challenges for highly automated systems. A fully automated vehicle (AV) is confronted with numerous tactical and strategical choices. Most state-of-the-art AV platforms implement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Piotr Franciszek Orzechowski , Christoph Burger , Martin Lauer

Autonomous driving faces significant challenges in achieving human-like iterative decision-making, which continuously generates, evaluates, and refines trajectory proposals. Current generation-evaluation frameworks isolate trajectory…

Autonomous vehicle (AV) evaluation has been the subject of increased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. This paper focuses on the development of a novel framework for generating adversarial driving behavior of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Zhen Liu , Hang Gao , Hao Ma , Shuo Cai , Yunfeng Hu , Ting Qu , Hong Chen , Xun Gong

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require extensive testing in simulation, but test case generation for driving scenarios is laborious. The desired scenarios are often out-of-distribution and have precise requirements on interactions with the AV…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Frieda Rong , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

Real-world autonomous driving, particularly in urban environments with numerous corner cases, requires rigorous testing to ensure product safety and robustness. However, few studies have explored integrating adversarial scenario generation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Kaizheng Li , Yaran Lin , Qiang Guo , Bin Jiang

Safe and smooth interacting with other vehicles is one of the ultimate goals of driving automation. However, recent reports of demonstrative deployments of automated vehicles (AVs) indicate that AVs are still difficult to meet the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-11 Daofei Li , Ao Liu , Hao Pan , Wentao Chen

Safety validation of autonomous driving systems requires high-risk scenario coverage, clear collision semantics, executable trajectories, and attributable multi-vehicle interactions. Existing safety-critical scenario generation methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Cheng Wang , Chen Xiong , Ziwen Wang , Yuchen Zhou , Qiang Liu

The integration of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) into existing human-driven traffic systems poses considerable challenges, especially within environments where human and machine interactions are frequent and complex, such as at unsignalized…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Jiaqi Liu , Xiao Qi , Peng Hang , Jian Sun