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Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model while keeping their own data private. With an increasing scale of clients and models, FL encounters two key challenges, client drift due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jianhui Sun , Xidong Wu , Heng Huang , Aidong Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning paradigm in which multiple clients collaboratively train a shared model without sharing their local private data. However, real-world applications of FL frequently encounter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhekai Zhou , Shudong Liu , Zhaokun Zhou , Yang Liu , Qiang Yang , Yuesheng Zhu , Guibo Luo

Federated learning (FL) commonly assumes that the server or some clients have labeled data, which is often impractical due to annotation costs and privacy concerns. Addressing this problem, we focus on a source-free domain adaptation task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Junki Mori , Kosuke Kihara , Taiki Miyagawa , Akinori F. Ebihara , Isamu Teranishi , Hisashi Kashima

Federated learning (FL) enables training of a global model while keeping raw data on end-devices. Despite this, FL has shown to leak private user information and thus in practice, it is often coupled with methods such as differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jie Xu , Haaris Mehmood , Rogier Van Dalen , Karthikeyan Saravanan , Mete Ozay

This paper proposes a client selection (CS) method to tackle the communication bottleneck of federated learning (FL) while concurrently coping with FL's data heterogeneity issue. Specifically, we first analyze the effect of CS in FL and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Yuxuan Zhang , Chao Xu , Howard H. Yang , Xijun Wang , Tony Q. S. Quek

Recent advances in machine learning have highlighted Federated Learning (FL) as a promising approach that enables multiple distributed users (so-called clients) to collectively train ML models without sharing their private data. While this…

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising solution to perform deep learning on different data owners without exchanging raw data. However, non-IID data has been a key challenge in FL, which could significantly degrade the accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yiqun Diao , Qinbin Li , Bingsheng He

Spiking federated learning is an emerging distributed learning paradigm that allows resource-constrained devices to train collaboratively at low power consumption without exchanging local data. It takes advantage of both the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Qiugang Zhan , Jinbo Cao , Xiurui Xie , Malu Zhang , Huajin Tang , Guisong Liu

Non-Independent and Identically Distributed (non-IID) data in Federated Learning (FL) causes client drift issues, leading to slower convergence and reduced model performance. While existing approaches mitigate this issue in Centralized FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Chao Feng , Hongjie Guan , Alberto Huertas Celdrán , Jan von der Assen , Gérôme Bovet , Burkhard Stiller

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its performance deteriorates under statistical heterogeneity. Clustered Federated Learning addresses this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mahad Ali , Laura J. Brattain

Federated learning (FL) can help promote data privacy by training a shared model in a de-centralized manner on the physical devices of clients. In the presence of highly heterogeneous distributions of local data, personalized FL strategy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-12 Zhe Liu , Yue Hui , Fuchun Peng

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning protocol that allows a set of participating agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. This makes FL particularly suitable for settings where data privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Rishabh Iyer

Federated Learning (FL) allows training machine learning models in privacy-constrained scenarios by enabling the cooperation of edge devices without requiring local data sharing. This approach raises several challenges due to the different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Riccardo Zaccone , Andrea Rizzardi , Debora Caldarola , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo

The most challenging, yet practical, setting of semi-supervised federated learning (SSFL) is where a few clients have fully labeled data whereas the other clients have fully unlabeled data. This is particularly common in healthcare settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Pramit Saha , Divyanshu Mishra , J. Alison Noble

Classical federated learning approaches yield significant performance degradation in the presence of Non-IID data distributions of participants. When the distribution of each local dataset is highly different from the global one, the local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Mahdi Morafah , Saeed Vahidian , Weijia Wang , Bill Lin

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that allows decentralized collaborative model training across a set of distributed clients, by avoiding raw data exchange. A fundamental component of FL is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sara Alosaime , Arshad Jhumka

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-promoting framework that enables potentially large number of clients to collaboratively train machine learning models. In a FL system, a server coordinates the collaboration by collecting and aggregating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Huancheng Chen , Haris Vikalo

Although common in real-world applications, heterogeneous client label sets are rarely investigated in federated learning (FL). Furthermore, in the cases they are, clients are assumed to be willing to share their entire label sets with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Adam Breitholtz , Edvin Listo Zec , Fredrik D. Johansson

In some real-world applications, data samples are usually distributed on local devices, where federated learning (FL) techniques are proposed to coordinate decentralized clients without directly sharing users' private data. FL commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xin-Chun Li , Shaoming Song , Yinchuan Li , Bingshuai Li , Yunfeng Shao , Yang Yang , De-Chuan Zhan

Federated learning (FL) allows collaborative machine learning (ML) model training among decentralized clients' information, ensuring data privacy. The decentralized nature of FL deals with non-independent and identically distributed…