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The complex energy bands of non-Hermitian systems braid in momentum space even in one dimension. Here, we reveal that the non-Hermitian braiding underlies the Hermitian topological physics with chiral symmetry under a general framework that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 W. B. Rui , Y. X. Zhao , Z. D. Wang

Non-Hermiticity appears ubiquitously in various open classical and quantum systems and enriches classification of topological phases. However, the role of nonsymmorphic symmetry, crystalline symmetry accompanying fractional lattice…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Daichi Nakamura , Yutaro Tanaka , Ken Shiozaki , Kohei Kawabata

We develop a complete theory of symmetry and topology in non-Hermitian physics. We demonstrate that non-Hermiticity ramifies the celebrated Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classification for insulators and superconductors. In particular, charge…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Kohei Kawabata , Ken Shiozaki , Masahito Ueda , Masatoshi Sato

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into fundamental science has opened new possibilities to address long-standing scientific challenges rooted in mathematical limitations. For example, topological invariants are used to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Yang Long , Haoran Xue , Baile Zhang

Non-Hermitian matrices are ubiquitous in the description of nature ranging from classical dissipative systems, including optical, electrical, and mechanical metamaterials, to scattering of waves and open quantum many-body systems. Seminal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Kang Yang , Zhi Li , J. Lukas K. König , Lukas Rødland , Marcus Stålhammar , Emil J. Bergholtz

Recently, topological phases in non-Hermitian systems have attracted much attention because non-Hermiticity sometimes gives rise to unique phases with no Hermitian counterparts. Non-Hermitian Bloch Hamiltonians can always be mapped to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Ken Shiozaki , Seishiro Ono

The discovery of topological phases in non-Hermitian open classical and quantum systems challenges our current understanding of topological order. Non-Hermitian systems exhibit unique features with no counterparts in topological Hermitian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Stefano Longhi

We classify topological phases of non-Hermitian systems in the Altland-Zirnbauer classes with an additional reflection symmetry in all dimensions. By mapping the non-Hermitian system into an enlarged Hermitian Hamiltonian with an enforced…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-03-13 Chun-Hui Liu , Hui Jiang , Shu Chen

Recent experimental advances in controlling dissipation have brought about unprecedented flexibility in engineering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in open classical and quantum systems. A particular interest centers on the topological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-09-25 Zongping Gong , Yuto Ashida , Kohei Kawabata , Kazuaki Takasan , Sho Higashikawa , Masahito Ueda

The effect of non-Hermiticity in band topology has sparked many discussions on non-Hermitian topological physics. It has long been known that non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can exhibit real energy spectra under the condition of parity-time…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-20 Yang Long , Haoran Xue , Baile Zhang

Non-Hermitian topological matter provides a platform for engineering phenomena that go beyond the capabilities of Hermitian systems, enabling the use of losses to engineer topological phenomena. Non-Hermitian models often rely on artificial…

Non-Hermiticity can vary the topology of system, induce topological phase transition, and even invalidate the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. Here, we show the introducing of non-Hermiticity without affecting the topological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-30 K. L. Zhang , H. C. Wu , L. Jin , Z. Song

Crystalline topological insulators and superconductors have been a prominent topic in the field of condensed matter physics. These systems obey certain crystalline (spatial) symmetries that depend on the geometry of the lattice. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Yifan Wang

We proposed a framework for the topological classification of non-Hermitian systems. Different from previous $K$-theoretical approaches, our approach is a homotopy classification, which enables us to see more topological invariants.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-09 Zhi Li , Roger S. K. Mong

Non-Hermitian theory is a theoretical framework that excels at describing open systems. It offers a powerful tool in the characterization of both the intrinsic degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a system and the interactions with the external…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-28 Kun Ding , Chen Fang , Guancong Ma

Our understanding of topological insulators is based on an underlying crystalline lattice where the local electronic degrees of freedom at different sites hybridize with each other in ways that produce nontrivial band topology, and the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-10-03 Adhip Agarwala , Vijay B. Shenoy

Non-Abelian gauge fields are versatile tools for synthesizing topological phenomena but have so far been mostly studied in Hermitian systems, where gauge flux has to be defined from a closed loop in order for gauge fields, whether Abelian…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-31 Zehai Pang , Jinbing Hu , Yi Yang

Recently, novel crystalline constructions known as Cayley-Schreier lattices have been suggested as a platform for realizing arbitrary gauge fields in synthetic crystals with real hopping amplitudes. We show that Cayley-Schreier lattices can…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Zoltán Guba , Robert-Jan Slager , Lavi K. Upreti , Tomáš Bzdušek

Non-Hermitian quasicrystal forms a unique class of matter with symmetry-breaking, localization and topological transitions induced by gain and loss or nonreciprocal effects. In this work, we introduce a non-Abelian generalization of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Longwen Zhou

Quantum systems are often classified into Hermitian and non-Hermitian ones. Extraordinary non-Hermitian phenomena, ranging from the non-Hermitian skin effect to the supersensitivity to boundary conditions, have been widely explored. Whereas…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-05-25 Chenwei Lv , Ren Zhang , Zhengzheng Zhai , Qi Zhou
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