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In this paper, we present a computer vision-based approach to measure the sizes and growth rates of apple fruitlets. Measuring the growth rates of apple fruitlets is important because it allows apple growers to determine when to apply…

Active perception for fruit mapping and harvesting is a difficult task since occlusions occur frequently and the location as well as size of fruits change over time. State-of-the-art viewpoint planning approaches utilize computationally…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Rohit Menon , Tobias Zaenker , Nils Dengler , Maren Bennewitz

Modern agricultural applications require knowledge about the position and size of fruits on plants. However, occlusions from leaves typically make obtaining this information difficult. We present a novel viewpoint planning approach that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Tobias Zaenker , Claus Smitt , Chris McCool , Maren Bennewitz

Obtaining 3D sensor data of complete plants or plant parts (e.g., the crop or fruit) is difficult due to their complex structure and a high degree of occlusion. However, especially for the estimation of the position and size of fruits, it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Tobias Zaenker , Chris Lehnert , Chris McCool , Maren Bennewitz

In this research, a fully neural network based visual perception framework for autonomous apple harvesting is proposed. The proposed framework includes a multi-function neural network for fruit recognition and a Pointnet grasp estimation to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Hanwen Kang , Chao Chen

Crop monitoring is crucial for maximizing agricultural productivity and efficiency. However, monitoring large and complex structures such as sweet pepper plants presents significant challenges, especially due to frequent occlusions of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Tobias Zaenker , Julius Rückin , Rohit Menon , Marija Popović , Maren Bennewitz

Following a global trend, the lack of reliable access to skilled labour is causing critical issues for the effective management of apple orchards. One of the primary challenges is maintaining skilled human operators capable of making…

Autonomous crop monitoring is a difficult task due to the complex structure of plants. Occlusions from leaves can make it impossible to obtain complete views about all fruits of, e.g., pepper plants. Therefore, accurately estimating the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Salih Marangoz , Tobias Zaenker , Rohit Menon , Maren Bennewitz

Aotearoa New Zealand has a strong and growing apple industry but struggles to access workers to complete skilled, seasonal tasks such as thinning. To ensure effective thinning and make informed decisions on a per-tree basis, it is crucial…

This paper proposes a novel method to refine the 6D pose estimation inferred by an instance-level deep neural network which processes a single RGB image and that has been trained on synthetic images only. The proposed optimization algorithm…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Marco Costanzo , Marco De Simone , Sara Federico , Ciro Natale , Salvatore Pirozzi

The localization of fruits is an essential first step in automated agricultural pipelines for yield estimation or fruit picking. One example of this is the localization of apples in images of entire apple trees. Since the apples are very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Christian Wilms , Robert Johanson , Simone Frintrop

Due to labor shortage and rising labor cost for the apple industry, there is an urgent need for the development of robotic systems to efficiently and autonomously harvest apples. In this paper, we present a system overview and algorithm…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Kaixiang Zhang , Kyle Lammers , Pengyu Chu , Nathan Dickinson , Zhaojian Li , Renfu Lu

In agricultural automation, inherent occlusion presents a major challenge for robotic harvesting. We propose a novel imitation learning-based viewpoint planning approach to actively adjust camera viewpoint and capture unobstructed images of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Lun Li , Hamidreza Kasaei

Efficient identification of picking points is critical for automated fruit harvesting. Avocados present unique challenges owing to their irregular shape, weight, and less-structured growing environments, which require specific viewpoints…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiao'ao Song , Konstantinos Karydis

This work presents an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system, based on the Faster Region-Based Convolution Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) framework, which detects and counts apples from oblique, aerial drone imagery of giant commercial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Angus Baird , Stefano Giani

As the world population is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050, our agricultural production system needs to double its productivity despite a decline of human workforce in the agricultural sector. Autonomous robotic systems are one…

In this paper, we present a transformer-based method to spatio-temporally associate apple fruitlets in stereo-images collected on different days and from different camera poses. State-of-the-art association methods in agriculture are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Harry Freeman , George Kantor

Monitoring plants and fruits at high resolution play a key role in the future of agriculture. Accurate 3D information can pave the way to a diverse number of robotic applications in agriculture ranging from autonomous harvesting to precise…

Harvesting is a critical task in the tree fruit industry, demanding extensive manual labor and substantial costs, and exposing workers to potential hazards. Recent advances in automated harvesting offer a promising solution by enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Keyi Zhu , Jiajia Li , Kaixiang Zhang , Chaaran Arunachalam , Siddhartha Bhattacharya , Renfu Lu , Zhaojian Li

Selective robotic harvesting is a promising technological solution to address labour shortages which are affecting modern agriculture in many parts of the world. For an accurate and efficient picking process, a robotic harvester requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Justin Le Louëdec , Grzegorz Cielniak
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