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Length generalization is a key property of a learning algorithm that enables it to make correct predictions on inputs of any length, given finite training data. To provide such a guarantee, one needs to be able to compute a length…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Andy Yang , Pascal Bergsträßer , Georg Zetzsche , David Chiang , Anthony W. Lin

We study in this paper lower bounds for the generalization error of models derived from multi-layer neural networks, in the regime where the size of the layers is commensurate with the number of samples in the training data. We show that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-08 Inbar Seroussi , Ofer Zeitouni

Assisted by the availability of data and high performance computing, deep learning techniques have achieved breakthroughs and surpassed human performance empirically in difficult tasks, including object recognition, speech recognition, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Shaeke Salman , Xiuwen Liu

Recent works have cast some light on the mystery of why deep nets fit any data and generalize despite being very overparametrized. This paper analyzes training and generalization for a simple 2-layer ReLU net with random initialization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang

Generalization is a central concept in machine learning theory, yet for quantum models, it is predominantly analyzed through uniform bounds that depend on a model's overall capacity rather than the specific function learned. These…

We show generalisation error bounds for deep learning with two main improvements over the state of the art. (1) Our bounds have no explicit dependence on the number of classes except for logarithmic factors. This holds even when formulating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Antoine Ledent , Waleed Mustafa , Yunwen Lei , Marius Kloft

In recent years, information-theoretic generalization bounds have gained increasing attention for analyzing the generalization capabilities of meta-learning algorithms. However, existing results are confined to two-step bounds, failing to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Wen Wen , Tieliang Gong , Yuxin Dong , Zeyu Gao , Yong-Jin Liu

Deep neural networks often generalize well despite heavy over-parameterization, challenging classical parameter-based analyses. We study generalization from a representation-centric perspective and analyze how the geometry of learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Junjie Yu , Zhuoli Ouyang , Haotian Deng , Chen Wei , Wenxiao Ma , Jianyu Zhang , Zihan Deng , Quanying Liu

Existing generalization theories of supervised learning typically take a holistic approach and provide bounds for the expected generalization over the whole data distribution, which implicitly assumes that the model generalizes similarly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Firas Laakom , Yuheng Bu , Moncef Gabbouj

We study a generalization of deduplication, which enables lossless deduplication of highly similar data and show that standard deduplication with fixed chunk length is a special case. We provide bounds on the expected length of coded…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Rasmus Vestergaard , Qi Zhang , Daniel E. Lucani

Diffusion probabilistic models have been successfully used to generate data from noise. However, most diffusion models are computationally expensive and difficult to interpret with a lack of theoretical justification. Random feature models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-11 Esha Saha , Giang Tran

PAC-Bayesian bounds are known to be tight and informative when studying the generalization ability of randomized classifiers. However, they require a loose and costly derandomization step when applied to some families of deterministic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Paul Viallard , Pascal Germain , Amaury Habrard , Emilie Morvant

Estimating the Generalization Error (GE) of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is an important task that often relies on availability of held-out data. The ability to better predict GE based on a single training set may yield overarching DNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Angus Galloway , Anna Golubeva , Mahmoud Salem , Mihai Nica , Yani Ioannou , Graham W. Taylor

Generalization performance of classifiers in deep learning has recently become a subject of intense study. Deep models, typically over-parametrized, tend to fit the training data exactly. Despite this "overfitting", they perform well on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-18 Mikhail Belkin , Siyuan Ma , Soumik Mandal

Modern deep neural networks (DNNs) represent a formidable challenge for theorists: according to the commonly accepted probabilistic framework that describes their performance, these architectures should overfit due to the huge number of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-03-03 S. Ariosto , R. Pacelli , F. Ginelli , M. Gherardi , P. Rotondo

Over-parameterized deep neural networks trained by simple first-order methods are known to be able to fit any labeling of data. Such over-fitting ability hinders generalization when mislabeled training examples are present. On the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Dingli Yu

In this paper, we study the generalization properties of Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) algorithms for supervised learning problems. We focus on the setting in which we train the MAML model over $m$ tasks, each with $n$ data points,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Alireza Fallah , Aryan Mokhtari , Asuman Ozdaglar

One of the major open problems in machine learning is to characterize generalization in the overparameterized regime, where most traditional generalization bounds become inconsistent even for overparameterized linear regression. In many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Jing Xu , Jiaye Teng , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

A major challenge in modern machine learning is theoretically understanding the generalization properties of overparameterized models. Many existing tools rely on uniform convergence (UC), a property that, when it holds, guarantees that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Margalit Glasgow , Colin Wei , Mary Wootters , Tengyu Ma

As machine learning applications grow increasingly ubiquitous and complex, they face an increasing set of requirements beyond accuracy. The prevalent approach to handle this challenge is to aggregate a weighted combination of requirement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Aneesh Barthakur , Luiz F. O. Chamon