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Flow-based generative modeling in continuous spaces exploit Tweedie's formula to express the denoiser (learned in training) as a score function (used in sampling). In contrast, this relation has been largely missing in the discrete setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yair Shenfeld , Ricardo Baptista , Stefano Peluchetti

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models have been recently proposed to generate high-quality samples by estimating the gradient of the data density. The framework defines the prior noise as a standard Gaussian distribution, whereas the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-22 Sang-gil Lee , Heeseung Kim , Chaehun Shin , Xu Tan , Chang Liu , Qi Meng , Tao Qin , Wei Chen , Sungroh Yoon , Tie-Yan Liu

When capturing and storing images, devices inevitably introduce noise. Reducing this noise is a critical task called image denoising. Deep learning has become the de facto method for image denoising, especially with the emergence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Haoyu Chen , Jinjin Gu , Yihao Liu , Salma Abdel Magid , Chao Dong , Qiong Wang , Hanspeter Pfister , Lei Zhu

Building on recent advances in Bayesian statistics and image denoising, we propose Noise2Score3D, a fully unsupervised framework for point cloud denoising that addresses the critical challenge of limited availability of clean data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xiangbin Wei

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Following the performance breakthrough of denoising networks, improvements have come chiefly through novel architecture designs and increased depth. While novel denoising networks were designed for real images coming from different…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-01 Xiaoqi Ma , Xiaoyu Lin , Majed El Helou , Sabine Süsstrunk

Digital image devices have been widely applied in many fields, including scientific imaging, recognition of individuals, and remote sensing. As the application of these imaging technologies to autonomous driving and measurement, image noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yang Shao , Toshie Yaguchi , Toshiaki Tanigaki

Real-world noise removal is crucial in low-level computer vision. Due to the remarkable generation capabilities of diffusion models, recent attention has shifted towards leveraging diffusion priors for image restoration tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jun Cheng , Shan Tan

Diffusion models have emerged as a key pillar of foundation models in visual domains. One of their critical applications is to universally solve different downstream inverse tasks via a single diffusion prior without re-training for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Morteza Mardani , Jiaming Song , Jan Kautz , Arash Vahdat

Denoising diffusion models are a powerful type of generative models used to capture complex distributions of real-world signals. However, their applicability is limited to scenarios where training samples are readily available, which is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Ayush Tewari , Tianwei Yin , George Cazenavette , Semon Rezchikov , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Frédo Durand , William T. Freeman , Vincent Sitzmann

Deep learning-based image denoising techniques often struggle with poor generalization performance to out-of-distribution real-world noise. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel noise translation framework that performs denoising on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-03 Inju Ha , Donghun Ryou , Seonguk Seo , Bohyung Han

Model-based optimization methods and discriminative learning methods have been the two dominant strategies for solving various inverse problems in low-level vision. Typically, those two kinds of methods have their respective merits and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Kai Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Shuhang Gu , Lei Zhang

Message passing algorithms have been tailored for compressive imaging applications by plugging in different types of off-the-shelf image denoisers. These off-the-shelf denoisers mostly rely on some generic or hand-crafted priors for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Chang Cai , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

Posterior computation for high-dimensional data with many parameters can be challenging. This article focuses on a new method for approximating posterior distributions of a low- to moderate-dimensional parameter in the presence of a…

Computation · Statistics 2022-04-08 Willem van den Boom , Galen Reeves , David B. Dunson

Score-based model research in the last few years has produced state of the art generative models by employing Gaussian denoising score-matching (DSM). However, the Gaussian noise assumption has several high-dimensional limitations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Jacob Deasy , Nikola Simidjievski , Pietro Liò

Uncertainty quantification is critical for deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) in real-world applications. An Auxiliary Uncertainty Estimator (AuxUE) is one of the most effective means to estimate the uncertainty of the main task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Xuanlong Yu , Gianni Franchi , Jindong Gu , Emanuel Aldea

Recent results have shown that for a linear tilt to a reference measure, the scores that would be produced under convolution with a normal variable can be expressed in terms of convolutions of the original density. Here, we extend that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Curtis McDonald

Sequential change-point detection plays a critical role in numerous real-world applications, where timely identification of distributional shifts can greatly mitigate adverse outcomes. Classical methods commonly rely on parametric density…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-23 Wenbin Zhou , Liyan Xie , Zhigang Peng , Shixiang Zhu

Noisy images are a challenge to image compression algorithms due to the inherent difficulty of compressing noise. As noise cannot easily be discerned from image details, such as high-frequency signals, its presence leads to extra bits…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Yuxin Xie , Li Yu , Farhad Pakdaman , Moncef Gabbouj

Transformers are often the go-to architecture to build foundation models that ingest a large amount of training data. But these models do not estimate the probability density distribution when trained on regression problems, yet obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Henry W. Leung , Jo Bovy , Joshua S. Speagle