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Hate speech detection is a challenging problem with most of the datasets available in only one language: English. In this paper, we conduct a large scale analysis of multilingual hate speech in 9 languages from 16 different sources. We…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Sai Saketh Aluru , Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Animesh Mukherjee

Toxic online speech has become a crucial problem nowadays due to an exponential increase in the use of internet by people from different cultures and educational backgrounds. Differentiating if a text message belongs to hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Bencheng Wei , Jason Li , Ajay Gupta , Hafiza Umair , Atsu Vovor , Natalie Durzynski

In today's age, social media reigns as the paramount communication platform, providing individuals with the avenue to express their conjectures, intellectual propositions, and reflections. Unfortunately, this freedom often comes with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jhuma Kabir Mim , Mourad Oussalah , Akash Singhal

For automatically identifying hate speech and offensive content in tweets, a system based on a classical supervised algorithm only fed with character n-grams, and thus completely language-agnostic, is proposed by the SATLab team. After its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Yves Bestgen

The proliferation of social media platforms has led to an increase in the spread of hate speech, particularly targeting vulnerable communities. Unfortunately, existing methods for automatically identifying and blocking toxic language rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shiza Ali , Jeremy Blackburn , Gianluca Stringhini

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Digital platforms have an ever-expanding user base, and act as a hub for communication, business, and connectivity. However, this has also allowed for the spread of hate speech and misogyny. Artificial intelligence models have emerged as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Sargam Yadav , Abhishek Kaushik , Kevin Mc Daid

With the continuous growth of internet users and media content, it is very hard to track down hateful speech in audio and video. Converting video or audio into text does not detect hate speech accurately as human sometimes uses hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Fariha Tahosin Boishakhi , Ponkoj Chandra Shill , Md. Golam Rabiul Alam

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning has been shown to be highly challenging for tasks involving a lot of linguistic specificities or when a cultural gap is present between languages, such as in hate speech detection. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Syrielle Montariol , Arij Riabi , Djamé Seddah

Social media platforms, while enabling global connectivity, have become hubs for the rapid spread of harmful content, including hate speech and fake narratives \cite{davidson2017automated, shu2017fake}. The Faux-Hate shared task focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yash Bhaskar , Sankalp Bahad , Parameswari Krishnamurthy

Hate speech detection refers to the task of detecting hateful content that aims at denigrating an individual or a group based on their religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics. Due to the different policies of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Paras Sheth , Tharindu Kumarage , Raha Moraffah , Aman Chadha , Huan Liu

With the rapid growth of online information, the spread of fake news has become a serious social challenge. In this study, we propose a novel detection framework based on Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify and classify fake news by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xiaochuan Xu , Peiyang Yu , Zeqiu Xu , Jiani Wang

Accurate detection and classification of online hate is a difficult task. Implicit hate is particularly challenging as such content tends to have unusual syntax, polysemic words, and fewer markers of prejudice (e.g., slurs). This problem is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Austin Botelho , Bertie Vidgen , Scott A. Hale

Hateful memes are a growing menace on social media. While the image and its corresponding text in a meme are related, they do not necessarily convey the same meaning when viewed individually. Hence, detecting hateful memes requires careful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Gokul Karthik Kumar , Karthik Nandakumar

Cyberbullying on social media is inherently multilingual and multi-faceted, where abusive behaviors often overlap across multiple categories. Existing methods are commonly limited by monolingual assumptions or single-task formulations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zixin Feng , Xinying Cui , Yifan Sun , Zheng Wei , Jiachen Yuan , Jiazhen Hu , Ning Xin , Md Maruf Hasan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained primarily on minimally processed web text, which exhibits the same wide range of social biases held by the humans who created that content. Consequently, text generated by LLMs can inadvertently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Harnoor Dhingra , Preetiha Jayashanker , Sayali Moghe , Emma Strubell

Toxic content is one of the most critical issues for social media platforms today. India alone had 518 million social media users in 2020. In order to provide a good experience to content creators and their audience, it is crucial to flag…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Manan Jhaveri , Devanshu Ramaiya , Harveen Singh Chadha

Hate speech has spread more rapidly through the daily use of technology and, most notably, by sharing your opinions or feelings on social media in a negative aspect. Although numerous works have been carried out in detecting hate speeches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Amit Kumar Das , Abdullah Al Asif , Anik Paul , Md. Nur Hossain

Amidst the rise of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) and their widespread application in generating and interpreting complex content, the risk of propagating biased and harmful memes remains significant. Current safety measures often fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xuanyu Su , Yansong Li , Diana Inkpen , Nathalie Japkowicz

Hate speech is a severe issue that affects many online platforms. So far, several studies have been performed to develop robust hate speech detection systems. Large language models like ChatGPT have recently shown a great promise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mithun Das , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Animesh Mukherjee