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Bilevel Optimization has experienced significant advancements recently with the introduction of new efficient algorithms. Mirroring the success in single-level optimization, stochastic gradient-based algorithms are widely used in bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Junyi Li , Heng Huang

The demand response provides an opportunity for load serving entities (LSEs) that operate retail electricity markets (REMs) to strategically purchase energy and provide reserves in wholesale electricity markets (WEMs). This paper concerns…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Hanchen Xu , Kaiqing Zhang , Junbo Zhang

In many applications, including Stackelberg games, machine learning, and power systems \cite{Mackay2018Selftuning,Heinrich1952The,Wang2021Bi-Level}, the decisions in a minimax optimization problem can be constrained by a solution to an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Yaling Hu , Jiani Wang , Yu-hong Dai , Xiaojiao Tong

Bilevel optimization is characterized by a two-level optimization structure, where the upper-level problem is constrained by optimal lower-level solutions, and such structures are prevalent in real-world problems. The constraint by optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ruth Wan Theng Chew , Quoc Phong Nguyen , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

In the context of transition towards cleaner and sustainable energy production, microgrids have become an effective way for tackling environmental pollution and energy crisis issues. With the increasing penetration of renewables, how to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-03 Yang Li , Kang Li , Zhen Yang , Yang Yu , Runnan Xu , Miaosen Yang

Algorithms for bilevel optimization often encounter Hessian computations, which are prohibitive in high dimensions. While recent works offer first-order methods for unconstrained bilevel problems, the constrained setting remains relatively…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-22 Guy Kornowski , Swati Padmanabhan , Kai Wang , Zhe Zhang , Suvrit Sra

This paper proposes a safe reinforcement learning algorithm for generation bidding decisions and unit maintenance scheduling in a competitive electricity market environment. In this problem, each unit aims to find a bidding strategy that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-21 Pegah Rokhforoz , Olga Fink

In strategic scenarios where decision-makers operate at different hierarchical levels, traditional optimization methods are often inadequate for handling uncertainties from incomplete information or unpredictable external factors. To fill…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Jiachen Shen , Jian Shi , Lei Fan , Chenye Wu , Dan Wang , Choong Seon Hong , Zhu Han

Bilevel optimization problems are characterized by an interactive hierarchical structure, where the upper level seeks to optimize its strategy while simultaneously considering the response of the lower level. Evolutionary algorithms are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Dejun Xu , Kai Ye , Zimo Zheng , Tao Zhou , Gary G. Yen , Min Jiang

In this paper, the phase shifting transformer (PST) is introduced in the Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) problem considering significant wind power integration. The proposed planning model is formulated as a bilevel program which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-01 Xiaohu Zhang , Di Shi , Zhiwei Wang , Zhe Yu , Xinan Wang , Desong Bian , Kevin Tomsovic

This paper formulates a Stackelberg game between a coordination agent and participating homes to control the overall load consumption of a residential neighborhood. Each home optimizes a comfort-cost trade off to determine a load schedule…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Erhan Can Ozcan , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

The bilevel facility location problem (BO-FLP) is one of the core optimization problems behind the design of many decentralized industrial systems, e.g., supply chain systems where a supplier constructs some critical facilities and then…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Haitao Hu , Jing Li , Jiafu Tang , Bo Zeng

In recent years, bilevel approaches have become very popular to efficiently estimate high-dimensional hyperparameters of machine learning models. However, to date, binary parameters are handled by continuous relaxation and rounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Sara Venturini , Marianna de Santis , Jordan Patracone , Francesco Rinaldi , Saverio Salzo , Martin Schmidt

Extreme weather is straining electricity systems, exposing the limitations of reactive responses, and prompting the need for proactive resilience planning. Most existing approaches to enhance electricity system resilience employ simplified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Shuyi Chen , Shixiang Zhu , Ramteen Sioshansi

In this paper, we derive first and second-order optimality conditions of KKT type for locally optimal solutions to a class of multiobjective optimal control problems with endpoint constraint and mixed pointwise constraints. We give some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-18 Samir Adly , Bui Trong Kien

In several applications of real-time matching of demand to supply in online marketplaces, the platform allows for some latency to batch the demand and improve the efficiency. Motivated by these applications, we study the optimal trade-off…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yiding Feng , Rad Niazadeh

The integration of renewable energy resources (RES) in the power grid can reduce carbon intensity, but also presents certain challenges. The uncertainty and intermittent nature of RES emphasize the need for flexibility in power systems.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-18 Shijie Pan , Gerrit Rolofs , Luca Pontecorvi , Charalambos Konstantinou

Bilevel optimization has been widely applied in many important machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. Recently, several momentum-based algorithms have been proposed to solve bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Junjie Yang , Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang

We study a special class of non-convex quadratic programs subject to two (possibly indefinite) quadratic constraints when the level sets of the constraint functions are {\it not} arranged {\it alternatively.} It is shown in the paper that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Huu-Quang Nguyen , Ruey-Lin Sheu

In electrical distribution grids, the constantly increasing number of power generation devices based on renewables demands a transition from a centralized to a distributed generation paradigm. In fact, power injection from Distributed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-30 Riccardo Bonetto , Michele Rossi , Stefano Tomasin , Carlo Fischione