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Topology optimization of frame structures under free-vibration eigenvalue constraints constitutes a challenging nonconvex polynomial optimization problem with disconnected feasible sets. In this article, we first formulate it as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Marek Tyburec , Michal Kočvara , Marouan Handa , Jan Zeman

In this paper we present BilevelJuMP, a new Julia package to support bilevel optimization within the JuMP framework. The package is a Julia library that enables the user to describe both upper and lower-level optimization problems using the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Joaquim Dias Garcia , Guilherme Bodin , Alexandre Street

The environment plays a critical role in multi-agent navigation by imposing spatial constraints, rules, and limitations that agents must navigate around. Traditional approaches treat the environment as fixed, without exploring its impact on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zhan Gao , Gabriele Fadini , Stelian Coros , Amanda Prorok

Stochastic bilevel optimization, which captures the inherent nested structure of machine learning problems, is gaining popularity in many recent applications. Existing works on bilevel optimization mostly consider either unconstrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Quan Xiao , Han Shen , Wotao Yin , Tianyi Chen

In this paper, we propose a combined approach with second-order optimality conditions of the lower level problem to study constraint qualifications and optimality conditions for bilevel programming problems. The new method is inspired by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-08 Xiaoxiao Ma , Wei Yao , Jane J. Ye , Jin Zhang

Our aim is to explain mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs), motivate them through applications, present the main equivalent formulations of equilibrium constraints, and summarize the basic existence theory for optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Louis Shuo Wang

In this paper, we exploit the so-called value function reformulation of the bilevel optimization problem to develop duality results for the problem. Our approach builds on Fenchel-Lagrange-type duality to establish suitable results for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-24 Houria En-Naciri , Lahoussine Lafhim , Alain Zemkoho

Fixed pickup and delivery times can strongly limit the performance of freight transportation. Against this backdrop, fleet operators can use compensation mechanisms such as monetary incentives to buy delay time from their customers, in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-28 Canqi Yao , Shibo Chen , Mauro Salazar , Zaiyue Yang

Bilevel optimization problems are a class of challenging optimization problems, which contain two levels of optimization tasks. In these problems, the optimal solutions to the lower level problem become possible feasible candidates to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-10-08 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Kalyanmoy Deb

We study a class of bilevel optimization problems in which both the upper- and lower-level problems have minimax structures. This setting captures a broad range of emerging applications. Despite the extensive literature on bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Yiyang Shen , Yutian He , Weiran Wang , Qihang Lin

Accommodating the uncertain and variable renewable energy sources (VRES) in electricity markets requires sophisticated and scalable tools to achieve market efficiency. To account for the uncertain imbalance costs in the real-time market…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Dongwei Zhao , Vladimir Dvorkin , Stefanos Delikaraoglou , Alberto J. Lamadrid L. , Audun Botterud

This paper investigates the scheduling problem of a fleet of electric vehicles, providing mobility as a service to a set of time-specified customers, where the operator needs to solve the routing and charging problem jointly for each EV.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Canqi Yao , Shibo Chen , Mauro Salazar , Zaiyue Yang

Bilevel optimization reveals the inner structure of otherwise oblique optimization problems, such as hyperparameter tuning, neural architecture search, and meta-learning. A common goal in bilevel optimization is to minimize a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Lesi Chen , Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

This paper investigates simple bilevel optimization problems where we minimize an upper-level objective over the optimal solution set of a convex lower-level objective. Existing methods for such problems either only guarantee asymptotic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Pengyu Chen , Xu Shi , Rujun Jiang , Jiulin Wang

Bilevel optimization poses a significant computational challenge due to its nested structure, where each upper-level candidate solution requires solving a corresponding lower-level problem. While evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are effective…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Dejun Xu , Jijia Chen , Gary G. Yen , Min Jiang

The value function formulation captures the hierarchical nature of bilevel optimization through the optimal value function of the lower level problem, yet its implicit and nonsmooth characteristics pose significant analytical and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Mengwei Xu , Yu-Hong Dai , Xin-Wei Liu , Meiqi Ma

With the growing attention towards developing the multimodal transport system to enhance urban mobility, there is an increasing need to construct new, rebuild or expand existing infrastructure to facilitate existing and accommodate newly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Yu Jiang , Jiao Ye , Jun Chen

It is well-known that coupling constraints in linear bilevel optimization can lead to disconnected feasible sets, which is not possible without coupling constraints. However, there is no difference between linear bilevel problems with and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Dorothee Henke , Henri Lefebvre , Martin Schmidt , Johannes Thürauf

We consider a network equilibrium model (i.e. a combined model), which was proposed as an alternative to the classic four-step approach for travel forecasting in transportation networks. This model can be formulated as a convex minimization…

A large number of application problems involve two levels of optimization, where one optimization task is nested inside the other. These problems are known as bilevel optimization problems and have been studied by both classical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-09 Ankur Sinha , Zhichao Lu , Kalyanmoy Deb , Pekka Malo
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