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Benign overfitting is a phenomenon in machine learning where a model perfectly fits (interpolates) the training data, including noisy examples, yet still generalizes well to unseen data. Understanding this phenomenon has attracted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Modern machine learning often operates in the regime where the number of parameters is much higher than the number of data points, with zero training loss and yet good generalization, thereby contradicting the classical bias-variance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-08 Zhu Li , Weijie Su , Dino Sejdinovic

Benign overfitting, the phenomenon where interpolating models generalize well in the presence of noisy data, was first observed in neural network models trained with gradient descent. To better understand this empirical observation, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Spencer Frei , Niladri S. Chatterji , Peter L. Bartlett

In many modern applications of deep learning the neural network has many more parameters than the data points used for its training. Motivated by those practices, a large body of recent theoretical research has been devoted to studying…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-07 A. Tsigler , P. L. Bartlett

"Benign overfitting", where classifiers memorize noisy training data yet still achieve a good generalization performance, has drawn great attention in the machine learning community. To explain this surprising phenomenon, a series of works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Jinghui Chen , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

Recent empirical and theoretical studies have established the generalization capabilities of large machine learning models that are trained to (approximately or exactly) fit noisy data. In this work, we prove a surprising result that even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Yifan Hao , Tong Zhang

Modern deep learning models with great expressive power can be trained to overfit the training data but still generalize well. This phenomenon is referred to as \textit{benign overfitting}. Recently, a few studies have attempted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Yuanzhou Chen , Quanquan Gu

Modern neural networks often have great expressive power and can be trained to overfit the training data, while still achieving a good test performance. This phenomenon is referred to as "benign overfitting". Recently, there emerges a line…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Yuan Cao , Zixiang Chen , Mikhail Belkin , Quanquan Gu

It is by now well-established that modern over-parameterized models seem to elude the bias-variance tradeoff and generalize well despite overfitting noise. Many recent works attempt to analyze this phenomenon in the relatively tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Daniel Barzilai , Ohad Shamir

The recent success of neural network models has shone light on a rather surprising statistical phenomenon: statistical models that perfectly fit noisy data can generalize well to unseen test data. Understanding this phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-13 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long , Peter L. Bartlett

Existing large-dimensional theory for spectral algorithms resolves either the optimally tuned point or the interpolation limit, but leaves the under-regularized regime unexplored. We study the learning curve and benign overfitting of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-28 Weihao Lu , Qian Lin , Yingcun Xia , Dongming Huang

The phenomenon of benign overfitting, where a predictor perfectly fits noisy training data while attaining near-optimal expected loss, has received much attention in recent years, but still remains not fully understood beyond well-specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ohad Shamir

The practical success of deep learning has led to the discovery of several surprising phenomena. One of these phenomena, that has spurred intense theoretical research, is ``benign overfitting'': deep neural networks seem to generalize well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ichiro Hashimoto , Stanislav Volgushev , Piotr Zwiernik

Modern machine learning models often employ a huge number of parameters and are typically optimized to have zero training loss; yet surprisingly, they possess near-optimal prediction performance, contradicting classical learning theory. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Zhu Li , Zhi-Hua Zhou , Arthur Gretton

Recent research in neural networks and machine learning suggests that using many more parameters than strictly required by the initial complexity of a regression problem can result in more accurate or faster-converging models -- contrary to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Arthur Castello B. de Oliveira , Milad Siami , Eduardo D. Sontag

``Benign overfitting'', the ability of certain algorithms to interpolate noisy training data and yet perform well out-of-sample, has been a topic of considerable recent interest. We show, using a fixed design setup, that an important class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Daniel Beaglehole , Mikhail Belkin , Parthe Pandit

Modern deep learning models are usually highly over-parameterized so that they can overfit the training data. Surprisingly, such overfitting neural networks can usually still achieve high prediction accuracy. To study this "benign…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Xuran Meng , Difan Zou , Yuan Cao

The phenomenon of benign overfitting is one of the key mysteries uncovered by deep learning methodology: deep neural networks seem to predict well, even with a perfect fit to noisy training data. Motivated by this phenomenon, we consider…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Peter L. Bartlett , Philip M. Long , Gábor Lugosi , Alexander Tsigler

Meta learning has demonstrated tremendous success in few-shot learning with limited supervised data. In those settings, the meta model is usually overparameterized. While the conventional statistical learning theory suggests that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Lisha Chen , Songtao Lu , Tianyi Chen

Establishing a theoretical analysis that explains why deep learning can outperform shallow learning such as kernel methods is one of the biggest issues in the deep learning literature. Towards answering this question, we evaluate excess…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-08 Taiji Suzuki , Shunta Akiyama
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