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In recent years, neuro-symbolic methods have become a popular and powerful approach that augments artificial intelligence systems with the capability to perform abstract, logical, and quantitative deductions with enhanced precision and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yuxuan Wu , Hideki Nakayama

Neurosymbolic systems promise to combine deep neural network's (DNN) processing of raw sensor inputs with few-shot performance of symbolic artificial intelligence. Two-stage approaches explicitly decouple DNN based perception from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sparsh Tiwari , Bettina Finzel , Gesina Schwalbe

Weak supervision allows machine learning models to learn from limited or noisy labels, but it introduces challenges in interpretability and reliability - particularly in multi-instance partial label learning (MI-PLL), where models must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nijesh Upreti , Vaishak Belle

Deep neural networks, empowered by pre-trained language models, have achieved remarkable results in natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. However, their performances can drastically deteriorate when logical reasoning is needed. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Zhixuan Liu , Zihao Wang , Yuan Lin , Hang Li

Deep learning is bringing remarkable contributions to the field of argumentation mining, but the existing approaches still need to fill the gap toward performing advanced reasoning tasks. In this position paper, we posit that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Andrea Galassi , Kristian Kersting , Marco Lippi , Xiaoting Shao , Paolo Torroni

Advocates for Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (NeSy) assert that combining deep learning with symbolic reasoning will lead to stronger AI than either paradigm on its own. As successful as deep learning has been, it is generally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Kyle Hamilton , Aparna Nayak , Bojan Božić , Luca Longo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results across various tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. Developing AI systems with strong reasoning capabilities is regarded as a crucial milestone in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiao-Wen Yang , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Bo-Wen Zhang , Zhi Zhou , Lin-Han Jia , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yu-Feng Li

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

The advancement of machine learning and symbolic approaches have underscored their strengths and weaknesses in Natural Language Processing (NLP). While machine learning approaches are powerful in identifying patterns in data, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Rrubaa Panchendrarajan , Arkaitz Zubiaga

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

Current advances in Artificial Intelligence and machine learning in general, and deep learning in particular have reached unprecedented impact not only across research communities, but also over popular media channels. However, concerns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Marco Gori , Luis C. Lamb , Luciano Serafini , Michael Spranger , Son N. Tran

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

Deep learning has become the dominant approach for creating high capacity, scalable models across diverse data modalities. However, because these models rely on a large number of learned parameters, tightly couple feature extraction with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Adam Gould , Francesca Toni

Despite the extensive investment and impressive recent progress at reasoning by similarity, deep learning continues to struggle with more complex forms of reasoning such as non-monotonic and commonsense reasoning. Non-monotonicity is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Sofoklis Kyriakopoulos , Artur S. d'Avila Garcez

Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (AI) systems combine neural network and classical symbolic AI mechanisms to exploit the complementary strengths of large scale, generalizable learning and robust, verifiable reasoning. Numerous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Aniruddha Chattopadhyay , Raj Dandekar , Kaushik Roy

The goal of neuro-symbolic AI is to integrate symbolic and subsymbolic AI approaches, to overcome the limitations of either. Prominent systems include Logic Tensor Networks (LTN) or DeepProbLog, which offer neural predicates and end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Stephen Roth , Lennart Baur , Derian Boer , Stefan Kramer

Deep learning methods employ multiple processing layers to learn hierarchical representations of data and have produced state-of-the-art results in many domains. Recently, a variety of model designs and methods have blossomed in the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Tom Young , Devamanyu Hazarika , Soujanya Poria , Erik Cambria

Deep Learning (DL) models have become popular for solving complex problems, but they have limitations such as the need for high-quality training data, lack of transparency, and robustness issues. Neuro-Symbolic AI has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Andrea Rafanelli

A key objective in the field of artificial intelligence is to develop cognitive models that can exhibit human-like intellectual capabilities. One promising approach to achieving this is through neural-symbolic systems, which combine the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dongran Yu , Xueyan Liu , Shirui Pan , Anchen Li , Bo Yang

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence is a novel area of AI research which seeks to combine traditional rules-based AI approaches with modern deep learning techniques. Neuro-symbolic models have already demonstrated the capability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zachary Susskind , Bryce Arden , Lizy K. John , Patrick Stockton , Eugene B. John
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