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Despite alarm over the reliance of machine learning systems on so-called spurious patterns, the term lacks coherent meaning in standard statistical frameworks. However, the language of causality offers clarity: spurious associations are due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Divyansh Kaushik , Eduard Hovy , Zachary C. Lipton

In general, an experimental environment for deep learning assumes that the training and the test dataset are sampled from the same distribution. However, in real-world situations, a difference in the distribution between two datasets,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Daehee Kim , Seunghyun Park , Jinkyu Kim , Jaekoo Lee

Semantic segmentation, a pixel-level vision task, is developed rapidly by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Training CNNs requires a large amount of labeled data, but manually annotating data is difficult. For emancipating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Qi Wang , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

It is now well understood that machine learning models, trained on data without due care, often exhibit unfair and discriminatory behavior against certain populations. Traditional algorithmic fairness research has mainly focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Rashidul Islam , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

Generalization performance of trained computer vision systems that use computer graphics (CG) generated data is not yet effective due to the concept of 'domain-shift' between virtual and real data. Although simulated data augmented with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-10 V S R Veeravasarapu , Constantin Rothkopf , Ramesh Visvanathan

Unsupervised domain adaptation aims at transferring knowledge from the labeled source domain to the unlabeled target domain. Previous adversarial domain adaptation methods mostly adopt the discriminator with binary or $K$-dimensional output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Yuntao Du , Zhiwen Tan , Qian Chen , Xiaowen Zhang , Yirong Yao , Chongjun Wang

Domain shift poses a fundamental challenge in time series analysis, where models trained on source domain often fail dramatically when applied in target domain with different yet similar distributions. While current unsupervised domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Rongyao Cai , Ming Jin , Qingsong Wen , Kexin Zhang

In this work, we present Con$^{2}$DA, a simple framework that extends recent advances in semi-supervised learning to the semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) problem. Our framework generates pairs of associated samples by performing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Manuel Pérez-Carrasco , Pavlos Protopapas , Guillermo Cabrera-Vives

Continual semantic segmentation aims to learn new classes while maintaining the information from the previous classes. Although prior studies have shown impressive progress in recent years, the fairness concern in the continual semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Thanh-Dat Truong , Hoang-Quan Nguyen , Bhiksha Raj , Khoa Luu

As data-driven and AI-based decision making gains widespread adoption across disciplines, it is crucial that both data privacy and decision fairness are appropriately addressed. Although differential privacy (DP) provides a robust framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Spencer Giddens , Xiaon Lang , Fang Liu

Aiming to generalize the well-trained gaze estimation model to new target domains, Cross-domain Gaze Estimation (CDGE) is developed for real-world application scenarios. Existing CDGE methods typically extract the domain-invariant features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hao-Ran Yang , Xiaohui Chen , Chuan-Xian Ren

Recent advances in domain adaptation reveal that adversarial learning on deep neural networks can learn domain invariant features to reduce the shift between source and target domains. While such adversarial approaches achieve domain-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Nishant Yadav , Mahbubul Alam , Ahmed Farahat , Dipanjan Ghosh , Chetan Gupta , Auroop R. Ganguly

Learning deep neural networks that are generalizable across different domains remains a challenge due to the problem of domain shift. Unsupervised domain adaptation is a promising avenue which transfers knowledge from a source domain to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Qingjie Meng , Daniel Rueckert , Bernhard Kainz

Machine learning models have achieved widespread success but often inherit and amplify historical biases, resulting in unfair outcomes. Traditional fairness methods typically impose constraints at the prediction level, without addressing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enze Shi , Pankaj Bhagwat , Zhixian Yang , Linglong Kong , Bei Jiang

Large-scale labeled training datasets have enabled deep neural networks to excel on a wide range of benchmark vision tasks. However, in many applications it is prohibitively expensive or time-consuming to obtain large quantities of labeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Sicheng Zhao , Bichen Wu , Joseph Gonzalez , Sanjit A. Seshia , Kurt Keutzer

Researchers have been facing a difficult problem that data generation mechanisms could be influenced by internal or external factors leading to the training and test data with quite different distributions, consequently traditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-14 Anqi Wu

In machine learning, training data often capture the behaviour of multiple subgroups of some underlying human population. When the amounts of training data for the subgroups are not controlled carefully, under-representation bias arises. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Quan Zhou , Jakub Marecek , Robert N. Shorten

Diffusion models have gained attention for their ability to represent complex distributions and incorporate uncertainty, making them ideal for robust predictions in the presence of noisy or incomplete data. In this study, we develop and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yilin Zhuang , Sibo Cheng , Karthik Duraisamy

We introduce a new predictive mechanism that operates in the presence of hidden confounding across distributionally diverse data sources while ensuring consistent estimation of causal parameters-despite their recognized suboptimality for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Carlos García Meixide , David Ríos Insua

Significant inter-individual variability limits the generalization of EEG-based emotion recognition under cross-domain settings. We address two core challenges in multi-source adaptation: (1) dynamically modeling distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Fo Hu , Can Wang , Qinxu Zheng , Xusheng Yang , Bin Zhou , Gang Li , Yu Sun , Wen-an Zhang
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