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Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

Envisioned application areas for reinforcement learning (RL) include autonomous driving, precision agriculture, and finance, which all require RL agents to make decisions in the real world. A significant challenge hindering the adoption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Dominik Baumann , Erfaun Noorani , James Price , Ole Peters , Colm Connaughton , Thomas B. Schön

One of the ambitious goals of artificial intelligence is to build a machine that outperforms human intelligence, even if limited knowledge and data are provided. Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides one such possibility to reach this goal.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-05-31 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Zi-Wei Cui , Xin Wang , Man-Hong Yung

We introduce Hierarchical Transformers for Meta-Reinforcement Learning (HTrMRL), a powerful online meta-reinforcement learning approach. HTrMRL aims to address the challenge of enabling reinforcement learning agents to perform effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Gresa Shala , André Biedenkapp , Josif Grabocka

Advances in Reinforcement Learning (RL) span a wide variety of applications which motivate development in this area. While application tasks serve as suitable benchmarks for real world problems, RL is seldomly used in practical scenarios…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-04-02 Karush Suri , Xiao Qi Shi , Konstantinos Plataniotis , Yuri Lawryshyn

Quantitative trading (QT), which refers to the usage of mathematical models and data-driven techniques in analyzing the financial market, has been a popular topic in both academia and financial industry since 1970s. In the last decade,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Shuo Sun , Rundong Wang , Bo An

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

Frequency control is an important problem in modern recommender systems. It dictates the delivery frequency of recommendations to maintain product quality and efficiency. For example, the frequency of delivering promotional notifications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Yang Liu , Zhengxing Chen , Kittipat Virochsiri , Juan Wang , Jiahao Wu , Feng Liang

The sequential nature of decision-making in financial asset trading aligns naturally with the reinforcement learning (RL) framework, making RL a common approach in this domain. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio in financial markets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Sven Goluža , Tomislav Kovačević , Stjepan Begušić , Zvonko Kostanjčar

The inherent volatility and dynamic fluctuations within the financial stock market underscore the necessity for investors to employ a comprehensive and reliable approach that integrates risk management strategies, market trends, and the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-13 Alhassan S. Yasin , Prabdeep S. Gill

Test-time scaling methods have seen a rapid increase in popularity for its computational efficiency and parameter-independent training to improve reasoning performance on Large Language Models. One such method is called budget forcing, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ravindra Aribowo Tarunokusumo , Rafael Fernandes Cunha

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effective in aligning large language models with human preferences, inspiring the development of reward-centric diffusion reinforcement learning (RDRL) to achieve similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kwanyoung Kim , Byeongsu Sim

Machine learning techniques are playing more and more important roles in finance market investment. However, finance quantitative modeling with conventional supervised learning approaches has a number of limitations. The development of deep…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-10 Zechu Li , Xiao-Yang Liu , Jiahao Zheng , Zhaoran Wang , Anwar Walid , Jian Guo

Robust reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that remain effective despite uncertainties in its environment, which frequently arise in real-world applications due to variations in environment dynamics. The robust RL methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Linh Le Pham Van , Minh Hoang Nguyen , Hung Le , Hung The Tran , Sunil Gupta

The framework of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a powerful and widely applicable mathematical formalization for sequential decision-making. This paper present a novel DRL framework, termed \emph{$f$-Divergence Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Chen Gong , Qiang He , Yunpeng Bai , Zhou Yang , Xiaoyu Chen , Xinwen Hou , Xianjie Zhang , Yu Liu , Guoliang Fan

Interest in reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale systems, comprising extensive populations of intelligent agents interacting with heterogeneous environments, has surged significantly across diverse scientific domains in recent years.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Wei Zhang , Jr-Shin Li

Two common approaches to sequential decision-making are AI planning (AIP) and reinforcement learning (RL). Each has strengths and weaknesses. AIP is interpretable, easy to integrate with symbolic knowledge, and often efficient, but requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Junkyu Lee , Michael Katz , Don Joven Agravante , Miao Liu , Geraud Nangue Tasse , Tim Klinger , Shirin Sohrabi

Reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have been developed to optimize industrial cooling systems, offering substantial energy savings compared to traditional heuristic policies. A major challenge in industrial control involves learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 William Wong , Praneet Dutta , Octavian Voicu , Yuri Chervonyi , Cosmin Paduraru , Jerry Luo

Multi-fidelity Reinforcement Learning (RL) frameworks efficiently utilize computational resources by integrating analysis models of varying accuracy and costs. The prevailing methodologies, characterized by transfer learning, human-inspired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Akash Agrawal , Christopher McComb

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale and new GPUs are released even more frequently, there is an increasing demand for LLM post-training in heterogeneous environments to fully leverage underutilized mid-range or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yongjun He , Shuai Zhang , Jiading Gai , Xiyuan Zhang , Boran Han , Bernie Wang , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis