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The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Cross-lingual representations of words enable us to reason about word meaning in multilingual contexts and are a key facilitator of cross-lingual transfer when developing natural language processing models for low-resource languages. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Anders Søgaard

Co-occurrence statistics based word embedding techniques have proved to be very useful in extracting the semantic and syntactic representation of words as low dimensional continuous vectors. In this work, we discovered that dictionary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Juexiao Zhang , Yubei Chen , Brian Cheung , Bruno A Olshausen

In this paper, we aim at improving Czech sentiment with transformer-based models and their multilingual versions. More concretely, we study the task of polarity detection for the Czech language on three sentiment polarity datasets. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Pavel Přibáň , Josef Steinberger

Distributed word embeddings have yielded state-of-the-art performance in many NLP tasks, mainly due to their success in capturing useful semantic information. These representations assign only a single vector to each word whereas a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Shobhit Jain , Sravan Babu Bodapati , Ramesh Nallapati , Anima Anandkumar

Learning vector representation for words is an important research field which may benefit many natural language processing tasks. Two limitations exist in nearly all available models, which are the bias caused by the context definition and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Xuefeng Yang , Kezhi Mao

Programmer attribution seeks to identify or verify the author of a source code artifact using stylistic, structural, or behavioural characteristics. This problem has been studied across software engineering, security, and digital forensics,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Marek Horvath , Emilia Pietrikova , Diomidis Spinellis

The representation space of pretrained Language Models (LMs) encodes rich information about words and their relationships (e.g., similarity, hypernymy, polysemy) as well as abstract semantic notions (e.g., intensity). In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Qing Lyu , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

We investigate cross-lingual sentiment analysis, which has attracted significant attention due to its applications in various areas including market research, politics and social sciences. In particular, we introduce a sentiment analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Selim F. Yilmaz , E. Batuhan Kaynak , Aykut Koç , Hamdi Dibeklioğlu , Suleyman S. Kozat

The exploration of multimodal language models integrates multiple data types, such as images, text, language, audio, and other heterogeneity. While the latest large language models excel in text-based tasks, they often struggle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Jiayang Wu , Wensheng Gan , Zefeng Chen , Shicheng Wan , Philip S. Yu

Word and phrase tables are key inputs to machine translations, but costly to produce. New unsupervised learning methods represent words and phrases in a high-dimensional vector space, and these monolingual embeddings have been shown to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Stefan Jansen

We present a compact, single-model approach to multilingual inflection, the task of generating inflected word forms from base lemmas to express grammatical categories. Our model, trained jointly on data from 73 languages, is lightweight,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Tomáš Sourada , Jana Straková

This paper investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) represent non-English tokens -- a question that remains underexplored despite recent progress. We propose a lightweight intervention method using representation steering, where a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Omar Mahmoud , Buddhika Laknath Semage , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana

We show that a recently proposed neural dependency parser can be improved by joint training on multiple languages from the same family. The parser is implemented as a deep neural network whose only input is orthographic representations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Michał Zapotoczny , Paweł Rychlikowski , Jan Chorowski

This study investigates the relationship between the phonological and morphological structure of Polish words and their meanings using Distributional Semantics. In the present analysis, we ask whether there is a relationship between the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Paula Orzechowska , R. Harald Baayen

With the growth of large language models, now incorporating billions of parameters, the hardware prerequisites for their training and deployment have seen a corresponding increase. Although existing tools facilitate model parallelization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Matthew Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , John Willes , David Emerson

Understanding the representations of different languages in multilingual language models is essential for comprehending their cross-lingual properties, predicting their performance on downstream tasks, and identifying any biases across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Cheril Shah , Yashashree Chandak , Manan Suri

Transformer has demonstrated its great power to learn contextual word representations for multiple languages in a single model. To process multilingual sentences in the model, a learnable vector is usually assigned to each language, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Sparse language vectors from linguistic typology databases and learned embeddings from tasks like multilingual machine translation have been investigated in isolation, without analysing how they could benefit from each other's language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Arturo Oncevay , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Language models are defined over a finite set of inputs, which creates a vocabulary bottleneck when we attempt to scale the number of supported languages. Tackling this bottleneck results in a trade-off between what can be represented in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Phillip Rust , Jonas F. Lotz , Emanuele Bugliarello , Elizabeth Salesky , Miryam de Lhoneux , Desmond Elliott