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Computing an optimal classification tree that provably maximizes training performance within a given size limit, is NP-hard, and in practice, most state-of-the-art methods do not scale beyond computing optimal trees of depth three.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Catalin E. Brita , Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Emir Demirović

Decision Trees are prominent prediction models for interpretable Machine Learning. They have been thoroughly researched, mostly in the batch setting with a fixed labelled dataset, leading to popular algorithms such as C4.5, ID3 and CART.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ayman Chaouki , Jesse Read , Albert Bifet

Decision diagrams for classification have some notable advantages over decision trees, as their internal connections can be determined at training time and their width is not bound to grow exponentially with their depth. Accordingly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alexandre M. Florio , Pedro Martins , Maximilian Schiffer , Thiago Serra , Thibaut Vidal

Boosted decision trees enjoy popularity in a variety of applications; however, for large-scale datasets, the cost of training a decision tree in each round can be prohibitively expensive. Inspired by ideas from the multi-arm bandit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Maryam Aziz , Jesse Anderton , Javed Aslam

Decision tree learning has long been a central topic in theoretical computer science, driven by its practical importance. A fundamental and widely used method for decision tree construction is the top-down greedy heuristic, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Arshia Soltani Moakahr , Faraz Ghahremani , Kiarash Banihashem , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi

Graph games and Markov decision processes (MDPs) are standard models in reactive synthesis and verification of probabilistic systems with nondeterminism. The class of $\omega$-regular winning conditions; e.g., safety, reachability,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Pranav Ashok , Tomáš Brázdil , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Jan Křetínský , Christoph H. Lampert , Viktor Toman

Dynamic treatment regime (DTR) plays a critical role in precision medicine when assigning patient-specific treatments at multiple stages and optimizing a long term clinical outcome. However, most of existing work about DTRs have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-20 Chang Wang , Lu Wang

The rise of machine learning methods on heavily resource constrained devices requires not only the choice of a suitable model architecture for the target platform, but also the optimization of the chosen model with regard to execution time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Lena Schmid , Daniel Biebert , Christian Hakert , Kuan-Hsun Chen , Michel Lang , Markus Pauly , Jian-Jia Chen

Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT) is a very successful ensemble learning algorithm widely used across a variety of applications. Recently, several variants of GBDT training algorithms and implementations have been designed and heavily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Yu Shi , Jian Li , Zhize Li

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being deployed in programmable data planes (switches and SmartNICs) to enable real-time traffic analysis, security monitoring, and in-network decision-making. Decision trees (DTs) are particularly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Murayyiam Parvez , Annus Zulfiqar , Roman Beltiukov , Shir Landau Feibish , Walter Willinger , Arpit Gupta , Muhammad Shahbaz

Interpretable reinforcement learning policies are essential for high-stakes decision-making, yet optimizing decision tree policies in Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) remains challenging. We propose SPOT, a novel method for computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xuyuan Xiong , Pedro Chumpitaz-Flores , Kaixun Hua , Cheng Hua

We present an approach to improve the accuracy-interpretability trade-off of Machine Learning (ML) Decision Trees (DTs). In particular, we apply Maximum Satisfiability technology to compute Minimum Pure DTs (MPDTs). We improve the runtime…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Josep Alos , Carlos Ansotegui , Eduard Torres

Reinforcement learning techniques leveraging deep learning have made tremendous progress in recent years. However, the complexity of neural networks prevents practitioners from understanding their behavior. Decision trees have gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Daniël Vos , Sicco Verwer

Fraud detection is to identify, monitor, and prevent potentially fraudulent activities from complex data. The recent development and success in AI, especially machine learning, provides a new data-driven way to deal with fraud. From a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-19 Biao Xu , Yao Wang , Xiuwu Liao , Kaidong Wang

Spanning tree problems with specialized constraints can be difficult to solve in real-world scenarios, often requiring intricate algorithmic design and exponential time. Recently, there has been growing interest in end-to-end deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yuchen Shi , Congying Han , Tiande Guo

Decision trees and random forest remain highly competitive for classification on medium-sized, standard datasets due to their robustness, minimal preprocessing requirements, and interpretability. However, a single tree suffers from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong , Carey E. Priebe

Decision Tree (DT) Learning is a fundamental problem in Interpretable Machine Learning, yet it poses a formidable optimisation challenge. Practical algorithms have recently emerged, primarily leveraging Dynamic Programming and Branch &…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ayman Chaouki , Jesse Read , Albert Bifet

The paper presents Maximal Ellipsoid Backward Reachable Trees MAXELLIPSOID BRT, which is a multi-query algorithm for planning of dynamic systems under stochastic motion uncertainty and constraints on the control input. In contrast to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Naman Aggarwal , Jonathan P. How

Decision tree (DT) attracts persistent research attention due to its impressive empirical performance and interpretability in numerous applications. However, the growth of traditional yet widely-used univariate decision trees (UDTs) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Dan Li , Songcan Chen

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are used to model a wide variety of applications ranging from game playing over robotics to finance. Their optimal policy typically maximizes the expected sum of rewards given at each step of the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Maximilian Nägele , Jan Olle , Thomas Fösel , Remmy Zen , Florian Marquardt