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Quantum Machine Learning algorithms based on Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) are important candidates for useful application of quantum computing. It is known that a VQC is a linear model in a feature space determined by its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Slimane Thabet , Léo Monbroussou , Eliott Z. Mamon , Jonas Landman

Gradient-based optimizers have been proposed for training variational quantum circuits in settings such as quantum neural networks (QNNs). The task of gradient estimation, however, has proven to be challenging, primarily due to distinctive…

The discovery of the backpropagation algorithm ranks among one of the most important moments in the history of machine learning, and has made possible the training of large-scale neural networks through its ability to compute gradients at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Joseph Bowles , David Wierichs , Chae-Yeun Park

We propose an approach for learning probability distributions as differentiable quantum circuits (DQC) that enable efficient quantum generative modelling (QGM) and synthetic data generation. Contrary to existing QGM approaches, we perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Oleksandr Kyriienko , Annie E. Paine , Vincent E. Elfving

The potential advantage of machine learning in quantum computers is a topic of intense discussion in the literature. Theoretical, numerical and experimental explorations will most likely be required to understand its power. There has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-05 Abhinav Anand , Jonathan Romero , Matthias Degroote , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Quantum generative modeling is a rapidly evolving discipline at the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning. Contemporary quantum machine learning is generally limited to toy examples or heavily restricted datasets with few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Jonas Jäger , Florian J. Kiwit , Carlos A. Riofrío

We propose a hardware efficient quantum residual neural network which implements residual connections through a deterministic mixture of the identity operation and variational unitaries, enabling fully differentiable training. In contrast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Amena Khatun , Akib Karim , Muhammad Usman

Random quantum circuits have been utilized in the contexts of quantum supremacy demonstrations, variational quantum algorithms for chemistry and machine learning, and blackhole information. The ability of random circuits to approximate any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Minzhao Liu , Junyu Liu , Yuri Alexeev , Liang Jiang

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability: deeper circuits can represent richer states but suffer from noise accumulation and barren plateaus, while shallow circuits remain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Shaojun Wu , Shan Jin , Abolfazl Bayat , Xiaoting Wang

Balancing trainability and expressibility is a central challenge in variational quantum computing, and quantum architecture search (QAS) plays a pivotal role by automatically designing problem-specific parameterized circuits that address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Chenghong Zhu , Xian Wu , Hao-Kai Zhang , Sixuan Wu , Guangxi Li , Xin Wang

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), aiming at determining the ground state energy of a quantum system described by a Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices, is among the most significant applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Ze-Tong Li , Fan-Xu Meng , Han Zeng , Zai-Chen Zhang , Xu-Tao Yu

In variational quantum algorithms the parameters of a parameterized quantum circuit are optimized in order to minimize a cost function that encodes the solution of the problem. The barren plateau phenomenon manifests as an exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Marco Schumann , Frank K. Wilhelm , Alessandro Ciani

Gradient compression has surfaced as a key technique to address the challenge of communication efficiency in distributed learning. In distributed deep learning, however, it is observed that gradient distributions are heavy-tailed, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Guangfeng Yan , Tan Li , Yuanzhang Xiao , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Variational Quantum Computing (VQC) faces fundamental scalability barriers, primarily due to barren plateaus and sensitivity to quantum noise. To address these challenges, we introduce TensorHyper-VQC, a novel tensor-train (TT)-guided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

With the increased focus on quantum circuit learning for near-term applications on quantum devices, in conjunction with unique challenges presented by cost function landscapes of parametrized quantum circuits, strategies for effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Andrea Skolik , Jarrod R. McClean , Masoud Mohseni , Patrick van der Smagt , Martin Leib

Barren plateaus (BP), characterized by exponentially vanishing gradients that hinder the training of variational quantum circuits (VQC), present a pervasive and critical challenge in applying variational quantum algorithms to real-world…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Yipei Liu , Yuhong Song , Jinyang Li , Qiang Guan , Cheng-chang Lu , Youzuo Lin , Weiwen Jiang

For the preparation of high-dimensional functions on quantum computers, we introduce tensor network algorithms that are efficient with regard to dimensionality, optimize circuits composed of hardware-native gates and take gate errors into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Marco Ballarin , Juan José García-Ripoll , David Hayes , Michael Lubasch

Applying low-depth quantum neural networks (QNNs), variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are both promising and challenging in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era: Despite its remarkable progress, criticisms on the efficiency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Huan-Yu Liu , Zhao-Yun Chen , Tai-Ping Sun , Cheng Xue , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

The study of quantum generative models is well-motivated, not only because of its importance in quantum machine learning and quantum chemistry but also because of the perspective of its implementation on near-term quantum machines. Inspired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-04 Shouvanik Chakrabarti , Yiming Huang , Tongyang Li , Soheil Feizi , Xiaodi Wu

Quantum circuit Born machines based on instantaneous quantum polynomial-time (IQP) circuits are natural candidates for quantum generative modeling, both because of their probabilistic structure and because IQP sampling is provably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Sacha Lerch , Joseph Bowles , Ricard Puig , Erik Armengol , Zoë Holmes , Supanut Thanasilp
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