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In multi-agent reinforcement learning, multiple agents learn simultaneously while interacting with a common environment and each other. Since the agents adapt their policies during learning, not only the behavior of a single agent becomes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Yuan Tian , Klaus-Rudolf Kladny , Qin Wang , Zhiwu Huang , Olga Fink

The intuitive collaboration of humans and intelligent robots (embodied AI) in the real-world is an essential objective for many desirable applications of robotics. Whilst there is much research regarding explicit communication, we focus on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Ali Shafti , Jonas Tjomsland , William Dudley , A. Aldo Faisal

This paper presents a proof-of concept study for demonstrating the viability of building collaboration among multiple agents through standard Q learning algorithm embedded in particle swarm optimisation. Collaboration is formulated to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Mehmet Emin Aydin , Ryan Fellows

Multi-agent LLM systems are increasingly deployed as autonomous collaborators, where agents interact freely rather than execute fixed, pre-specified workflows. In such settings, effective coordination cannot be fully designed in advance and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Aneesh Pappu , Batu El , Hancheng Cao , Carmelo di Nolfo , Yanchao Sun , Meng Cao , James Zou

In collaborative tasks, being able to adapt to your teammates is a necessary requirement for success. When teammates are heterogeneous, such as in human-agent teams, agents need to be able to observe, recognize, and adapt to their human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Benjamin Li , Shuyang Shi , Lucia Romero , Huao Li , Yaqi Xie , Woojun Kim , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara , Simon Stepputtis

Multi-Agent Motion Planning (MAMP) is the problem of computing feasible paths for a set of agents given individual start and goal states. Given the hardness of MAMP, most of the research related to multi-agent systems has focused on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Irving Solis , Read Sandström , James Motes , Nancy M. Amato

Human and robot partners increasingly need to work together to perform tasks as a team. Robots designed for such collaboration must reason about how their task-completion strategies interplay with the behavior and skills of their human team…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Michelle Zhao , Reid Simmons , Henny Admoni

Many real-world scenarios involve teams of agents that have to coordinate their actions to reach a shared goal. We focus on the setting in which a team of agents faces an opponent in a zero-sum, imperfect-information game. Team members can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Federico Cacciamani , Andrea Celli , Marco Ciccone , Nicola Gatti

Information exchange in multi-agent systems improves the cooperation among agents, especially in partially observable settings. In the real world, communication is often carried out over imperfect channels. This requires agents to handle…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jannis Weil , Gizem Ekinci , Heinz Koeppl , Tobias Meuser

We propose a novel approach to address one aspect of the non-stationarity problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL), where the other agents may alter their policies due to environment changes during execution. This violates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Yixiang Wang , Feng Wu

Mixed cooperative-competitive control scenarios such as human-machine interaction with individual goals of the interacting partners are very challenging for reinforcement learning agents. In order to contribute towards intuitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-03 Florian Köpf , Alexander Nitsch , Michael Flad , Sören Hohmann

Team formation and the dynamics of team-based learning have drawn significant interest in the context of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). However, existing studies primarily focus on unilateral groupings, predefined teams, or…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Koorosh Moslemi , Chi-Guhn Lee

Cooperative multi-agent planning (MAP) is a relatively recent research field that combines technologies, algorithms and techniques developed by the Artificial Intelligence Planning and Multi-Agent Systems communities. While planning has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Alejandro Torreño , Eva Onaindia , Antonín Komenda , Michal Štolba

One of the main challenges of multi-agent learning lies in establishing convergence of the algorithms, as, in general, a collection of individual, self-serving agents is not guaranteed to converge with their joint policy, when learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Aleksander Czechowski , Frans A. Oliehoek

This paper presents a novel approach to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) that combines cooperative task decomposition with the learning of reward machines (RMs) encoding the structure of the sub-tasks. The proposed method helps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Leo Ardon , Daniel Furelos-Blanco , Alessandra Russo

Resolving team conflicts requires not only task-specific competence, but also social intelligence to find common ground and build consensus. As AI agents increasingly collaborate on complex work, they must develop coordination capabilities…

Current approaches to multi-agent cooperation rely heavily on centralized mechanisms or explicit communication protocols to ensure convergence. This paper studies the problem of distributed multi-agent learning without resorting to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Caroline Wang , Ishan Durugkar , Elad Liebman , Peter Stone

Ad hoc teamwork problem describes situations where an agent has to cooperate with previously unseen agents to achieve a common goal. For an agent to be successful in these scenarios, it has to have a suitable cooperative skill. One could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Rujikorn Charakorn , Poramate Manoonpong , Nat Dilokthanakul

Joint attention - the ability to purposefully coordinate attention with another agent, and mutually attend to the same thing -- is a critical component of human social cognition. In this paper, we ask whether joint attention can be useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Dennis Lee , Natasha Jaques , Chase Kew , Jiaxing Wu , Douglas Eck , Dale Schuurmans , Aleksandra Faust

From social networks to traffic routing, artificial learning agents are playing a central role in modern institutions. We must therefore understand how to leverage these systems to foster outcomes and behaviors that align with our own…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Jan Balaguer , Raphael Koster , Christopher Summerfield , Andrea Tacchetti