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Related papers: State2Explanation: Concept-Based Explanations to B…

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Reinforcement learning (RL) with outcome-based rewards has achieved significant success in training large language model (LLM) agents for complex reasoning tasks. However, in active reasoning where agents need to strategically ask questions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Deyu Zou , Yongqiang Chen , Fan Feng , Mufei Li , Pan Li , Yu Gong , James Cheng

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in certain reasoning tasks, they struggle in multi-agent games where the final outcome depends on the joint strategies of all agents. In multi-agent games, the non-stationarity of other agents brings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yidong He , Yutao Lai , Pengxu Yang , Jiarui Gan , Jiexin Wang , Yi Cai , Mengchen Zhao

Effective exploration is crucial to discovering optimal strategies for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in complex coordination tasks. Existing methods mainly utilize intrinsic rewards to enable committed exploration or use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Zeyang Liu , Lipeng Wan , Xinrui Yang , Zhuoran Chen , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

Reinforcement learning agents often behave unexpectedly in sparse-reward or safety-critical environments, creating a strong need for reliable debugging and verification tools. In this paper, we propose STACHE, a comprehensive framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Andrew Elashkin , Orna Grumberg

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge and up-to-date information. However, traditional RAG systems are limited by static workflows…

A long-held objective in AI is to build systems that understand concepts in a humanlike way. Setting aside the difficulty of building such a system, even trying to evaluate one is a challenge, due to present-day AI's relative opacity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Victor Vikram Odouard , Melanie Mitchell

We present a novel form of explanation for Reinforcement Learning, based around the notion of intended outcome. These explanations describe the outcome an agent is trying to achieve by its actions. We provide a simple proof that general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Herman Yau , Chris Russell , Simon Hadfield

We focus on the self-supervised discovery of manipulation concepts that can be adapted and reassembled to address various robotic tasks. We propose that the decision to conceptualize a physical procedure should not depend on how we name it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Ruizhe Liu , Qian Luo , Yanchao Yang

This article presents a concept-centric paradigm for building agents that can learn continually and reason flexibly. The concept-centric agent utilizes a vocabulary of neuro-symbolic concepts. These concepts, such as object, relation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Jiayuan Mao , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jiajun Wu

Decision making via sequence modeling aims to mimic the success of language models, where actions taken by an embodied agent are modeled as tokens to predict. Despite their promising performance, it remains unclear if embodied sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Tian Yun , Zilai Zeng , Kunal Handa , Ashish V. Thapliyal , Bo Pang , Ellie Pavlick , Chen Sun

We present a preliminary experimental platform that explores how narrative elements might shape AI decision-making by combining reinforcement learning (RL) with language model reasoning. While AI systems can now both make decisions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Anup Tuladhar , Araz Minhas , Adam Kirton , Eli Kinney-Lang

End-to-end (E2E) training, optimizing the entire model through error backpropagation, fundamentally supports the advancements of deep learning. Despite its high performance, E2E training faces the problems of memory consumption, parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Keitaro Sakamoto , Issei Sato

Language agents have become a promising solution to complex interactive tasks. One of the key ingredients to the success of language agents is the reward model on the trajectory of the agentic workflow, which provides valuable guidance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zongyu Lin , Yao Tang , Xingcheng Yao , Da Yin , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Kai-Wei Chang

Prior work on generating explanations in a planning and decision-making context has focused on providing the rationale behind an AI agent's decision making. While these methods provide the right explanations from the explainer's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Mehrdad Zakershahrak , Shashank Rao Marpally , Akshay Sharma , Ze Gong , Yu Zhang

Recent years have seen significant advances in explainable AI as the need to understand deep learning models has gained importance with the increased emphasis on trust and ethics in AI. Comprehensible models for sequential decision tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Pedro Sequeira , Daniel Elenius , Jesse Hostetler , Melinda Gervasio

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been embedded into many aspects of people's daily lives and it has become normal for people to have AI make decisions for them. Reinforcement learning (RL) models increase the space of solvable problems with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Agneza Krajna , Mario Brcic , Tomislav Lipic , Juraj Doncevic

Document-level event argument extraction (DEAE) is essential for knowledge acquisition, aiming to extract participants of events from documents . In the zero-shot setting, existing methods employ LLMs to generate synthetic data to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Guangjun Zhang , Hu Zhang , Yazhou Han , Yue Fan , Yuhang Shao , Ru Li , Hongye Tan

The dominant paradigm for improving mathematical reasoning in language models relies on Reinforcement Learning with verifiable rewards. Yet existing methods treat each problem instance in isolation without leveraging the reusable strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yu Li , Rui Miao , Zhengling Qi , Tian Lan

Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better)…

LLM agents increasingly operate in open-ended environments spanning hundreds of sequential episodes, yet they remain largely stateless: each task is solved from scratch without converting past experience into better future behavior. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wujiang Xu , Jiaojiao Han , Minghao Guo , Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Han Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas