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Reinforcement learning (RL) systems can be complex and non-interpretable, making it challenging for non-AI experts to understand or intervene in their decisions. This is due in part to the sequential nature of RL in which actions are chosen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Amal Alabdulkarim , Madhuri Singh , Gennie Mansi , Kaely Hall , Upol Ehsan , Mark O. Riedl

The act of explaining across two parties is a feedback loop, where one provides information on what needs to be explained and the other provides an explanation relevant to this information. We apply a reinforcement learning framework which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Arnold YS Yeung , Shalmali Joshi , Joseph Jay Williams , Frank Rudzicz

Multi-agent robotic systems are increasingly operating in real-world environments in close proximity to humans, yet are largely controlled by policy models with inscrutable deep neural network representations. We introduce a method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Renos Zabounidis , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara

Advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) enable sequential decision making for a range of exciting multi-agent applications such as cooperative AI and autonomous driving. Explaining agent decisions is crucial for improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kayla Boggess , Sarit Kraus , Lu Feng

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful technique for training intelligent agents, but understanding why these agents make specific decisions can be quite challenging. This lack of transparency in RL models has been a long-standing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Thilo Fryen , Jae Hee Lee , Mengdi Li , Sven Magg , Stefan Wermter

Traditional information theory provides a valuable foundation for Reinforcement Learning, particularly through representation learning and entropy maximization for agent exploration. However, existing methods primarily concentrate on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xianghua Zeng , Hao Peng , Angsheng Li

Growing concerns regarding the operational usage of AI models in the real-world has caused a surge of interest in explaining AI models' decisions to humans. Reinforcement Learning is not an exception in this regard. In this work, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Omid Davoodi , Majid Komeili

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful tool for solving complex decision-making problems, but its lack of transparency and interpretability has been a major challenge in domains where decisions have significant real-world consequences.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Muzhe Guo , Feixu Yu , Tian Lan , Fang Jin

Machine Learning models become increasingly proficient in complex tasks. However, even for experts in the field, it can be difficult to understand what the model learned. This hampers trust and acceptance, and it obstructs the possibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Jasper van der Waa , Jurriaan van Diggelen , Karel van den Bosch , Mark Neerincx

Explanations of model behavior are commonly evaluated via proxy properties weakly tied to the purposes explanations serve in practice. We contribute a decision theoretic framework that treats explanations as information signals valued by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ziyang Guo , Berk Ustun , Jessica Hullman

Recommender systems are central to digital platforms, yet they face a fundamental trade-off between accuracy and explainability. Black-box models achieve strong performance but lack interpretability needed for trust and adoption. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuyan Wang , Pan Li , Minmin Chen

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to provide insights into the decisions made by AI models. To date, most XAI approaches provide only one-time, static explanations, which cannot cater to users' diverse knowledge levels and information needs.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Tong Zhang , Mengao Zhang , Wei Yan Low , X. Jessie Yang , Boyang Li

Broad Explainable Artificial Intelligence moves away from interpreting individual decisions based on a single datum and aims to provide integrated explanations from multiple machine learning algorithms into a coherent explanation of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Richard Dazeley , Peter Vamplew , Francisco Cruz

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as autonomous agents, tackling tasks from robotics to web navigation. Their performance depends on the underlying base agent. Existing methods, however, struggle with long-context reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Nikolai Rozanov , Marek Rei

This paper presents a complete explainable system that interprets a set of data, abstracts the underlying features and describes them in a natural language of choice. The system relies on two crucial stages: (i) identifying emerging…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Flavio Bertini , Alessandro Dal Palù , Federica Zaglio , Francesco Fabiano , Andrea Formisano

Research agents have recently achieved significant progress in information seeking and synthesis across heterogeneous textual and visual sources. In this paper, we introduce MuSEAgent, a multimodal reasoning agent that enhances…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shijian Wang , Jiarui Jin , Runhao Fu , Zexuan Yan , Xingjian Wang , Mengkang Hu , Eric Wang , Xiaoxi Li , Kangning Zhang , Li Yao , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuelian Cheng , Yuan Lu , Zongyuan Ge

In the evolving landscape of human-centered AI, fostering a synergistic relationship between humans and AI agents in decision-making processes stands as a paramount challenge. This work considers a problem setup where an intelligent agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Sören Schleibaum , Lu Feng , Sarit Kraus , Jörg P. Müller

Explanation is necessary for humans to understand and accept decisions made by an AI system when the system's goal is known. It is even more important when the AI system makes decisions in multi-agent environments where the human does not…

This paper introduces lateral thinking to implement System-2 reasoning capabilities in AI systems, focusing on anticipatory and causal reasoning under uncertainty. We present a framework for systematic generation and modeling of lateral…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Stefan Dernbach , Alejandro Michel , Khushbu Agarwal , Christopher Brissette , Geetika Gupta , Sutanay Choudhury

Despite the impressive capabilities of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents in many challenging scenarios, their black-box decision-making process significantly limits their deployment in safety-sensitive domains. Several previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xiao Liu , Jie Zhao , Wubing Chen , Mao Tan , Yongxing Su
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