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Community-based question answering (CQA) websites represent an important source of information. As a result, the problem of matching the most valuable answers to their corresponding questions has become an increasingly popular research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Xiao Yang , Madian Khabsa , Miaosen Wang , Wei Wang , Madian Khabsa , Ahmed Awadallah , Daniel Kifer , C. Lee Giles

One of the challenges in large-scale information retrieval (IR) is to develop fine-grained and domain-specific methods to answer natural language questions. Despite the availability of numerous sources and datasets for answer retrieval,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Asma Ben Abacha , Dina Demner-Fushman

This study illustrates how incorporating feedback-oriented annotations into the scoring pipeline can enhance the accuracy of automated essay scoring (AES). This approach is demonstrated with the Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Christopher Ormerod

The question answering system can answer questions from various fields and forms with deep neural networks, but it still lacks effective ways when facing multiple evidences. We introduce a new model called SRQA, which means Synthetic Reader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Jiuniu Wang , Wenjia Xu , Xingyu Fu , Yang Wei , Li Jin , Ziyan Chen , Guangluan Xu , Yirong Wu

Automatic evaluation remains an open research question in Natural Language Generation. In the context of Sentence Simplification, this is particularly challenging: the task requires by nature to replace complex words with simpler ones that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Thomas Scialom , Louis Martin , Jacopo Staiano , Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

Question answering (QA) systems are sensitive to the many different ways natural language expresses the same information need. In this paper we turn to paraphrases as a means of capturing this knowledge and present a general framework which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Li Dong , Jonathan Mallinson , Siva Reddy , Mirella Lapata

Synthesizing QA pairs with a question generator (QG) on the target domain has become a popular approach for domain adaptation of question answering (QA) models. Since synthetic questions are often noisy in practice, existing work adapts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Xiang Yue , Ziyu Yao , Huan Sun

Conversational Question Answering (CQA) aims to answer questions contained within dialogues, which are not easily interpretable without context. Developing a model to rewrite conversational questions into self-contained ones is an emerging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Zhiyu Chen , Jie Zhao , Anjie Fang , Besnik Fetahu , Oleg Rokhlenko , Shervin Malmasi

Requirements engineering (RE) is critical to software success, yet automating it remains challenging because multiple, often conflicting quality attributes must be balanced while preserving stakeholder intent. Existing Large-Language-Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haowei Cheng , Milhan Kim , Foutse Khomh , Teeradaj Racharak , Nobukazu Yoshioka , Naoyasu Ubayashi , Hironori Washizaki

Despite the remarkable coherence of Large Language Models (LLMs), existing evaluation methods often suffer from fluency bias and rely heavily on multiple-choice formats, making it difficult to assess factual accuracy and complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Raymond Bernard , Shaina Raza , Subhabrata Das , Rahul Murugan

Question answering (QA) systems have gained explosive attention in recent years. However, QA tasks in Vietnamese do not have many datasets. Significantly, there is mostly no dataset in the medical domain. Therefore, we built a Vietnamese…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Nhung Thi-Hong Nguyen , Phuong Phan-Dieu Ha , Luan Thanh Nguyen , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

We introduce AVA, an automatic evaluation approach for Question Answering, which given a set of questions associated with Gold Standard answers, can estimate system Accuracy. AVA uses Transformer-based language models to encode question,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Summarization evaluation remains an open research problem: current metrics such as ROUGE are known to be limited and to correlate poorly with human judgments. To alleviate this issue, recent work has proposed evaluation metrics which rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Thomas Scialom , Paul-Alexis Dray , Patrick Gallinari , Sylvain Lamprier , Benjamin Piwowarski , Jacopo Staiano , Alex Wang

Evaluating long document summaries remains the primary bottleneck in summarization research. Existing metrics correlate weakly with human judgments and produce aggregate scores without explaining deficiencies or guiding improvement,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Huyen Nguyen , Haoxuan Zhang , Yang Zhang , Haihua Chen , Junhua Ding

We introduce MASSES, a simple evaluation metric for the task of Visual Question Answering (VQA). In its standard form, the VQA task is operationalized as follows: Given an image and an open-ended question in natural language, systems are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Shailza Jolly , Sandro Pezzelle , Tassilo Klein , Andreas Dengel , Moin Nabi

Speech quality assessment (SQA) aims to predict the perceived quality of speech signals under a wide range of distortions. It is inherently connected to speech enhancement (SE), which seeks to improve speech quality by removing unwanted…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Wei Wang , Wangyou Zhang , Chenda Li , Jiatong Shi , Shinji Watanabe , Yanmin Qian

Question answering (QA) models have shown rapid progress enabled by the availability of large, high-quality benchmark datasets. Such annotated datasets are difficult and costly to collect, and rarely exist in languages other than English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Patrick Lewis , Barlas Oğuz , Ruty Rinott , Sebastian Riedel , Holger Schwenk

Systematic benchmark evaluation plays an important role in the process of improving technologies for Question Answering (QA) systems. While currently there are a number of existing evaluation methods for natural language (NL) QA systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Takuto Asakura , Jin-Dong Kim , Yasunori Yamamoto , Yuka Tateisi , Toshihisa Takagi

Semantic Question Answering (SQA) systems automatically interpret user questions expressed in a natural language in terms of semantic queries. This process involves uncertainty, such that the resulting queries do not always accurately match…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Hamid Zafar , Mohnish Dubey , Jens Lehmann , Elena Demidova

Attributed Question Answering (AQA) has attracted wide attention, but there are still several limitations in evaluating the attributions, including lacking fine-grained attribution categories, relying on manual annotations, and failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Nan Hu , Jiaoyan Chen , Yike Wu , Guilin Qi , Hongru Wang , Sheng Bi , Yongrui Chen , Tongtong Wu , Jeff Z. Pan