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Sign language generation (SLG), or text-to-sign generation, bridges the gap between signers and non-signers. Despite recent progress in SLG, existing methods still often suffer from incorrect lexical ordering and low semantic accuracy. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Taeryung Lee , Hyeongjin Nam , Gyeongsik Moon , Kyoung Mu Lee

Building upon recent structural disentanglement frameworks for sign language production, we propose A$^{2}$V-SLP, an alignment-aware variational framework that learns articulator-wise disentangled latent distributions rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sümeyye Meryem Taşyürek , Enis Mücahid İskender , Hacer Yalim Keles

State-of-the-art sign language translation (SLT) systems facilitate the learning process through gloss annotations, either in an end2end manner or by involving an intermediate step. Unfortunately, gloss labelled sign language data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yasser Hamidullah , Josef van Genabith , Cristina España-Bonet

Prompt-based learning methods in semi-supervised learning (SSL) settings have been shown to be effective on multiple natural language understanding (NLU) datasets and tasks in the literature. However, manually designing multiple prompts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yuhang Zhou , Suraj Maharjan , Beiye Liu

This work addresses the challenges associated with the use of glosses in both Sign Language Translation (SLT) and Sign Language Production (SLP). While glosses have long been used as a bridge between sign language and spoken language, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Eui Jun Hwang , Sukmin Cho , Huije Lee , Youngwoo Yoon , Jong C. Park

In this paper, we tackle the problem of sign language translation (SLT) without gloss annotations. Although intermediate representation like gloss has been proven effective, gloss annotations are hard to acquire, especially in large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Kezhou Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Linchao Zhu , Ke Sun , Bang Zhang , Yi Yang

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), a core component of the task-oriented dialogue system, expects a shorter inference latency due to the impatience of humans. Non-autoregressive SLU models clearly increase the inference speed but suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lizhi Cheng , Weijia Jia , Wenmian Yang

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a challenging task that requires bridging the modality gap between visual and linguistic information while capturing subtle variations in hand shapes and movements. To address these challenges, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sobhan Asasi , Mohamed Ilyas Lakhal , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Translating written sentences from oral languages to a sequence of manual and non-manual gestures plays a crucial role in building a more inclusive society for deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Facial expressions (non-manual), in particular,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Rafael Azevedo , Thiago Coutinho , João Ferreira , Thiago Gomes , Erickson Nascimento

Gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT) has advanced rapidly, achieving strong performances without relying on gloss annotations. However, these gains have often come with increased model complexity and high computational demands,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 JianHe Low , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

It is common practice to represent spoken languages at their phonetic level. However, for sign languages, this implies breaking motion into its constituent motion primitives. Avatar based Sign Language Production (SLP) has traditionally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Ben Saunders , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Continuously recognizing sign gestures and converting them to glosses plays a key role in bridging the gap between the hearing and hearing-impaired communities. This involves recognizing and interpreting the hands, face, and body gestures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Samuel Ebimobowei Johnny , Blessed Guda , Andrew Blayama Stephen , Assane Gueye

The complexity of Sign Language (SL) data processing brings many challenges. The current approach to recognition of SL signs aims to translate RGB sign language videos through pose information into Word-based ID Glosses, which serve to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sen Fang , Yalin Feng , Chunyu Sui , Hongbin Zhong , Yanxin Zhang , Hongwei Yi , Hezhen Hu , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Spoken language glossification (SLG) aims to translate the spoken language text into the sign language gloss, i.e., a written record of sign language. In this work, we present a framework named $S$emi-$S$upervised $S$poken $L$anguage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Huijie Yao , Wengang Zhou , Hao Zhou , Houqiang Li

The recent surge in large language models has automated translations of spoken and written languages. However, these advances remain largely inaccessible to American Sign Language (ASL) users, whose language relies on complex visual cues.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Daniel Perkins , Davis Hunter , Dhrumil Patel , Galen Flanagan

Sign language is a visual language that encompasses all linguistic features of natural languages and serves as the primary communication method for the deaf and hard-of-hearing communities. Although many studies have successfully adapted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ronglai Zuo , Rolandos Alexandros Potamias , Evangelos Ververas , Jiankang Deng , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Most sign language translation (SLT) methods to date require the use of gloss annotations to provide additional supervision information, however, the acquisition of gloss is not easy. To solve this problem, we first perform an analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Aoxiong Yin , Tianyun Zhong , Li Tang , Weike Jin , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao

Sign language is the primary communication language for people with disabling hearing loss. Sign language recognition (SLR) systems aim to recognize sign gestures and translate them into spoken language. One of the main challenges in SLR is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hasan Algafri , Hamzah Luqman , Sarah Alyami , Issam Laradji

Machine learning models fundamentally rely on large quantities of high-quality data. Collecting the necessary data for these models can be challenging due to cost, scarcity, and privacy restrictions. Signed languages are visual languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Harry Walsh , Maksym Ivashechkin , Richard Bowden

Signed languages are the primary means of communication for many deaf and hard of hearing individuals. Since signed languages exhibit all the fundamental linguistic properties of natural language, we believe that tools and theories of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Kayo Yin , Amit Moryossef , Julie Hochgesang , Yoav Goldberg , Malihe Alikhani