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An independent transversal (IT) in a graph with a given vertex partition is an independent set consisting of one vertex in each partition class. Several sufficient conditions are known for the existence of an IT in a given graph with a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Alessandra Graf , David G. Harris , Penny Haxell

We consider the problem of designing deterministic graph algorithms for the model of Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) that improve with the sparsity of the input graph, as measured by the notion of arboricity. For the problems of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Manuela Fischer , Jeff Giliberti , Christoph Grunau

We consider the selective graph coloring problem, which is a generalization of the classical graph coloring problem. Given a graph together with a partition of its vertex set into clusters, we want to choose exactly one vertex per cluster…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Oylum Şeker , Tınaz Ekim , Z. Caner Taşkın

We develop a probabilistic technique for colorizing grayscale natural images. In light of the intrinsic uncertainty of this task, the proposed probabilistic framework has numerous desirable properties. In particular, our model is able to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-12 Amelie Royer , Alexander Kolesnikov , Christoph H. Lampert

Recent breakthroughs in graph streaming have led to the design of single-pass semi-streaming algorithms for various graph coloring problems such as $(\Delta+1)$-coloring, degeneracy-coloring, coloring triangle-free graphs, and others. These…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Sepehr Assadi , Andrew Chen , Glenn Sun

Computers and algorithms play an ever-increasing role in obtaining new results in graph theory. In this survey, we present a broad range of techniques used in computer-assisted graph theory, including the exhaustive generation of all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Jorik Jooken

We consider the incomplete multi-graph matching problem, which is a generalization of the NP-hard quadratic assignment problem for matching multiple finite sets. Multi-graph matching plays a central role in computer vision, e.g., for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Max Kahl , Sebastian Stricker , Lisa Hutschenreiter , Florian Bernard , Bogdan Savchynskyy

Given a network, the critical node detection problem finds a subset of nodes whose removal disrupts the network connectivity. Since many real-world systems are naturally modeled as graphs, assessing the vulnerability of the network is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tuguldur Bayarsaikhan , Altannar Chinchuluun , Ashwin Arulselvan , Panos Pardalos

Combinatorial optimization problems are notoriously challenging for neural networks, especially in the absence of labeled instances. This work proposes an unsupervised learning framework for CO problems on graphs that can provide integral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Nikolaos Karalias , Andreas Loukas

The vertex coloring problem asks for the minimum number of colors that can be assigned to the vertices of a given graph such that for all vertices v the color of v is different from the color of any of its neighbors. The problem is NP-hard.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Adalat Jabrayilov , Petra Mutzel

Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) is a quantum computational model that leverages linear optics to solve sampling problems believed to be classically intractable. Recent experimental breakthroughs have demonstrated quantum advantage using GBS,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Jesua Epequin , Pascale Bendotti , Joseph Mikael

In this paper, we propose a high-speed greedy sequential algorithm for the vertex coloring problem (VCP), based on the Wave Function Collapse algorithm, called Wave Function Collapse Coloring (WFC-C). An iteration of this algorithm goes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Anh Mac , David Perkins

The problems studied in this article originate from the Graph Motif problem introduced by Lacroix et al. in the context of biological networks. The problem is to decide if a vertex-colored graph has a connected subgraph whose colors equal a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-02-27 Sylvain Guillemot , Florian Sikora

Much combinatorial optimisation problems constitute a non-polynomial (NP) hard optimisation problem, i.e., they can not be solved in polynomial time. One such problem is finding the shortest route between two nodes on a graph.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-08 Alessandro Bay , Biswa Sengupta

Problems in scientific computing, such as distributing large sparse matrix operations, have analogous formulations as hypergraph partitioning problems. A hypergraph is a generalization of a traditional graph wherein "hyperedges" may connect…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Justin Sybrandt , Ruslan Shaydulin , Ilya Safro

We present randomized algorithms for some well-studied, hard combinatorial problems: the k-path problem, the p-packing of q-sets problem, and the q-dimensional p-matching problem. Our algorithms solve these problems with high probability in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-07-08 Andreas Björklund , Thore Husfeldt , Petteri Kaski , Mikko Koivisto

In this paper, we consider algorithms for edge-coloring multigraphs $G$ of bounded maximum degree, i.e., $\Delta(G) = O(1)$. Shannon's theorem states that any multigraph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be properly edge-colored with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Abhishek Dhawan

Graph colouring is a combinatorial optimisation problem with applications in several important domains, including sports scheduling, cartography, street map navigation, and timetabling. It is also of significant theoretical interest and a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Rhyd Lewis

We present three sublinear randomized algorithms for vertex-coloring of graphs with maximum degree $\Delta$. The first is a simple algorithm that extends the idea of Morris and Song to color graphs with maximum degree $\Delta$ using…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Asaf Ferber , Liam Hardiman , Xiaonan Chen

Node coloring is the task of assigning colors to the nodes of a graph such that no two adjacent nodes have the same color, while using as few colors as possible. It is the most widely studied instance of graph coloring and of central…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Knut Vanderbush , Melanie Weber