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End-to-end autonomous driving has witnessed remarkable progress. However, the extensive deployment of autonomous vehicles has yet to be realized, primarily due to 1) inefficient multi-modal environment perception: how to integrate data from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Dongyang Xu , Haokun Li , Qingfan Wang , Ziying Song , Lei Chen , Hanming Deng

Unsupervised and open-vocabulary 3D object detection has recently gained attention, particularly in autonomous driving, where reducing annotation costs and recognizing unseen objects are critical for both safety and scalability. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 In-Jae Lee , Mungyeom Kim , Kwonyoung Ryu , Pierre Musacchio , Jaesik Park

In the past few years we have seen great advances in object perception (particularly in 4D space-time dimensions) thanks to deep learning methods. However, they typically rely on large amounts of high-quality labels to achieve good…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Bin Yang , Min Bai , Ming Liang , Wenyuan Zeng , Raquel Urtasun

Accurate RGB-Thermal (RGB-T) crowd counting is crucial for public safety in challenging conditions. While recent Transformer-based methods excel at capturing global context, their inherent lack of spatial inductive bias causes attention to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yuhong Feng , Hongtao Chen , Qi Zhang , Jie Chen , Zhaoxi He , Mingzhe Liu , Jianghai Liao

Manually annotating 3D point clouds is laborious and costly, limiting the training data preparation for deep learning in real-world object detection. While a few previous studies tried to automatically generate 3D bounding boxes from weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Chang Liu , Xiaoyan Qian , Xiaojuan Qi , Edmund Y. Lam , Siew-Chong Tan , Ngai Wong

Weakly supervised point cloud semantic segmentation methods that require 1\% or fewer labels, hoping to realize almost the same performance as fully supervised approaches, which recently, have attracted extensive research attention. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Tianfang Sun , Zhizhong Zhang , Xin Tan , Yanyun Qu , Yuan Xie , Lizhuang Ma

Producing traversability maps and understanding the surroundings are crucial prerequisites for autonomous navigation. In this paper, we address the problem of traversability assessment using point clouds. We propose a novel pillar feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yirui Chen , Pengjin Wei , Zhenhuan Liu , Bingchao Wang , Jie Yang , Wei Liu

Current methods for 3D semantic segmentation propose training models with limited annotations to address the difficulty of annotating large, irregular, and unordered 3D point cloud data. They usually focus on the 3D domain only, without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Lechun You , Zhonghua Wu , Weide Liu , Xulei Yang , Jun Cheng , Wei Zhou , Bharadwaj Veeravalli , Guosheng Lin

The multi-modal perception methods are thriving in the autonomous driving field due to their better usage of complementary data from different sensors. Such methods depend on calibration and synchronization between sensors to get accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Zhihang Song , Lihui Peng , Jianming Hu , Danya Yao , Yi Zhang

It is laborious to manually label point cloud data for training high-quality 3D object detectors. This work proposes a weakly supervised approach for 3D object detection, only requiring a small set of weakly annotated scenes, associated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Qinghao Meng , Wenguan Wang , Tianfei Zhou , Jianbing Shen , Luc Van Gool , Dengxin Dai

Accurately annotating multiple 3D objects in LiDAR scenes is laborious and challenging. While a few previous studies have attempted to leverage semi-automatic methods for cost-effective bounding box annotation, such methods have limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dongmin Choi , Wonwoo Cho , Kangyeol Kim , Jaegul Choo

Semantic segmentation of 3D LiDAR data plays a pivotal role in autonomous driving. Traditional approaches rely on extensive annotated data for point cloud analysis, incurring high costs and time investments. In contrast, realworld image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jialiang Kang , Jiawen Wang , Dingsheng Luo

The success of deep convolutional neural networks is partially attributed to the massive amount of annotated training data. However, in practice, medical data annotations are usually expensive and time-consuming to be obtained. Considering…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-06 Kang Li , Lequan Yu , Shujun Wang , Pheng-Ann Heng

Due to the rapid development of computer vision, single-modal (RGB) object tracking has made significant progress in recent years. Considering the limitation of single imaging sensor, multi-modal images (RGB, Infrared, etc.) are introduced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Bing Cao , Junliang Guo , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghua Hu

Infrared-visible object detection has shown great potential in real-world applications, enabling robust all-day perception by leveraging the complementary information of infrared and visible images. However, existing methods typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hang Jin , Chenqiang Gao , Junjie Guo , Fangcen Liu , Kanghui Tian , Qinyao Chang

With the advancement of autonomous driving, numerous annotated multi-modality datasets have become available. This presents an opportunity to develop domain-adaptive 3D object detectors for new environments without relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaohu Lu , Hamed Khatounabadi , Hayder Radha

Single-point annotation in oriented object detection of remote sensing scenarios is gaining increasing attention due to its cost-effectiveness. However, due to the granularity ambiguity of points, there is a significant performance gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Guangming Cao , Xuehui Yu , Wenwen Yu , Xumeng Han , Xue Yang , Guorong Li , Jianbin Jiao , Zhenjun Han

In this paper, we focus on obtaining 2D and 3D labels, as well as track IDs for objects on the road with the help of a novel 3D Bounding Box Annotation Toolbox (3D BAT). Our open source, web-based 3D BAT incorporates several smart features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Walter Zimmer , Akshay Rangesh , Mohan Trivedi

3D content inherently encompasses multi-modal characteristics and can be projected into different modalities (e.g., RGB images, RGBD, and point clouds). Each modality exhibits distinct advantages in 3D asset modeling: RGB images contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ziang Cao , Zhaoxi Chen , Liang Pan , Ziwei Liu

RGBD images with high quality annotations in the form of geometric (i.e., segmentation) and structural (i.e., how do the segments are mutually related in 3D) information provide valuable priors to a large number of scene and image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Yu-Shiang Wong , Hung-Kuo Chu , Niloy J. Mitra