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The emergence of a variety of graph-based meaning representations (MRs) has sparked an important conversation about how to adequately represent semantic structure. These MRs exhibit structural differences that reflect different theoretical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Lucia Donatelli , Jonas Groschwitz , Alexander Koller , Matthias Lindemann , Pia Weißenhorn

Scientific diagrams are vital tools for communicating structured knowledge across disciplines. However, they are often published as static raster images, losing symbolic semantics and limiting reuse. While Multimodal Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiqing Cui , Jiahao Yuan , Hanqing Wang , Yanshu Li , Chenxu Du , Zhenglong Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in solving problems across domains, including graph-related tasks traditionally addressed by symbolic or algorithmic methods. In this work, we present a framework for structured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Govind Waghmare , Sumedh BG , Sonia Gupta , Srikanta Bedathur

Large pre-trained language models achieve state-of-the-art results when fine-tuned on downstream NLP tasks. However, they almost exclusively focus on text-only representation, while neglecting cell-level layout information that is important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Chenliang Li , Bin Bi , Ming Yan , Wei Wang , Songfang Huang , Fei Huang , Luo Si

With their high information density and intuitive readability, charts have become the de facto medium for data analysis and communication across disciplines. Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made notable progress in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Boran Wang , Xinming Wang , Yi Chen , Xiang Li , Jian Xu , Jing Yuan , Chenglin Liu

The effective utilization of structured data, integral to corporate data strategies, has been challenged by the rise of large language models (LLMs) capable of processing unstructured information. This shift prompts the question: can LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zhouhong Gu , Haoning Ye , Xingzhou Chen , Zeyang Zhou , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

Multi-modal large language models have demonstrated impressive performances on most vision-language tasks. However, the model generally lacks the understanding capabilities for specific domain data, particularly when it comes to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yucheng Han , Chi Zhang , Xin Chen , Xu Yang , Zhibin Wang , Gang Yu , Bin Fu , Hanwang Zhang

Tables form a central component in both exploratory data analysis and formal reporting procedures across many industries. These tables are often complex in their conceptual structure and in the computations that generate their individual…

Computation · Statistics 2023-06-30 Gabriel Becker , Adrian Waddell

In this paper, we study how to improve the zero-shot reasoning ability of large language models~(LLMs) over structured data in a unified way. Inspired by the study on tool augmentation for LLMs, we develop an \emph{Iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Zican Dong , Keming Ye , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Complex chart understanding tasks demand advanced visual recognition and reasoning capabilities from multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, current research provides limited coverage of complex chart scenarios and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Duo Xu , Hao Cheng , Xin Lin , Zhen Xie , Hao Wang

We propose a method to create document representations that reflect their internal structure. We modify Tree-LSTMs to hierarchically merge basic elements such as words and sentences into blocks of increasing complexity. Our Structure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Khalil Mrini , Claudiu Musat , Michael Baeriswyl , Martin Jaggi

Charts are ubiquitous in scientific and financial literature for presenting structured data. However, chart reasoning remains challenging for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) due to the lack of high-quality training data, as well as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Situo Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Zichen Zhu , Da Ma , Lei Pan , Danyang Zhang , Zihan Zhao , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) provides the necessary informational grounding to LLMs in the form of chunks retrieved from a vector database or through web search. RAG could also use knowledge graph triples as a means of providing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shalin Shah , Srikanth Ryali , Ramasubbu Venkatesh

Interpretable Multi-Task Learning can be expressed as learning a sparse graph of the task relationship based on the prediction performance of the learned models. Since many natural phenomenon exhibit sparse structures, enforcing sparsity on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Francesco Alesiani , Shujian Yu , Ammar Shaker , Wenzhe Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to tasks involving structured inputs such as graphs. Abstract Meaning Representations (AMRs), which encode rich semantics as directed graphs, offer a rigorous testbed for evaluating LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Rafiq Kamel , Filippo Guerranti , Simon Geisler , Stephan Günnemann

Charts are a powerful tool for visually conveying complex data, but their comprehension poses a challenge due to the diverse chart types and intricate components. Existing chart comprehension methods suffer from either heuristic rules or an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Zhi-Qi Cheng , Qi Dai , Siyao Li , Jingdong Sun , Teruko Mitamura , Alexander G. Hauptmann

Recently, interpreting complex charts with logical reasoning has emerged as challenges due to the development of vision-language models. A prior state-of-the-art (SOTA) model has presented an end-to-end method that leverages the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Wonjoong Kim , Sangwu Park , Yeonjun In , Seokwon Han , Chanyoung Park

Charts are high-density visualization carriers for complex data, serving as a crucial medium for information extraction and analysis. Automated chart understanding poses significant challenges to existing multimodal large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Muye Huang , Lingling Zhang , Jie Ma , Han Lai , Fangzhi Xu , Yifei Li , Wenjun Wu , Yaqiang Wu , Jun Liu

Reasoning, the ability to logically draw conclusions from existing knowledge, is a hallmark of human. Together with perception, they constitute the two major themes of artificial intelligence. While deep learning has pushed the limit of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhaocheng Zhu

The boom in visualization generation tools has significantly lowered the threshold for chart authoring. Nevertheless, chart authors with an insufficient understanding of perceptual theories may encounter difficulties in evaluating the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Xumeng Wang , Xiangxuan Zhang , Zhiqi Gao , Shuangcheng Jiao , Yuxin Ma