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A general scheme is presented to decompose a $d$-by-$d$ unitary matrix as the product of two-level unitary matrices with additional structure and prescribed determinants. In particular, the decomposition can be done by using two-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-11 Chi-Kwong Li , Rebecca Roberts , Xiaoyan Yin

In this study, we first use a three-qubit system as an example to demonstrate the construction of quantum circuits for the eight maximally entangled basis vectors, subsequently extending the approach to N-qubit systems. We employ a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Chi-Chuan Hwang

In this paper, we introduce two new forms of the dual Hartwig-Spindelb{\"o}ck decomposition and employ them to derive explicit representations for several classes of dual generalized inverses. Building on these representations, we further…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Tan Mei , Kezheng Zuo , Hui Yan

The algebra of invariants of d-tuples of n x n skew-symmetric matrices under the action of the orthogonal group by simultaneous conjugation is considered over an infinite field of characteristic different from two. For n=3 and d>0 a minimal…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-24 A. A. Lopatin

There is a decomposition of a Lie algebra for open matrix chains akin to the triangular decomposition. We use this decomposition to construct unitary irreducible representations. All multiple meson states can be retrieved this way.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 H. P. Jakobsen , C. -W. H. Lee

We introduce a matricial analogue of an Archimedean order unit space, which we call a $k$-AOU space. We develop the category of $k$-AOU spaces and $k$-positive maps and exhibit functors from this category to the category of operator systems…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Roy Araiza , Travis Russell , Mark Tomforde

In quantum information theory, it is a fundamental problem to construct multipartite unextendible product bases (UPBs). We show that there exist two families UPBs in Hilbert space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Yize Sun , Baoshan Wang , Shiru Li

Solving linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) is one of the most promising applications for quantum computers to demonstrate exponential advantages. The challenge of designing a quantum ODE algorithm is how to embed non-unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Zhong-Xia Shang , Naixu Guo , Dong An , Qi Zhao

The Pauli operators (tensor products of Pauli matrices) provide a complete basis of operators on the Hilbert space of N qubits. We prove that the set of 4^N-1 Pauli operators may be partitioned into 2^N+1 distinct subsets, each consisting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jay Lawrence , Caslav Brukner , Anton Zeilinger

The unextendible orthogonal matrices (UPBs) can be used for various problems in quantum information. We provide an algorithm to check if two UPBs are non-equivalent to each other. We give a method to construct UPBs and we apply this method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Caohan Cheng , Lin Chen

In a quantum system having a finite number $N$ of orthogonal states, two orthonormal bases $\{a_i\}$ and $\{b_j\}$ are called mutually unbiased if all inner products $<a_i|b_j>$ have the same modulus $1/\sqrt{N}$. This concept appears in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Claude archer

An exponent matrix is an $n\times n$ matrix $A=(a_{ij})$ over ${\mathbb N}^0$ satisfying (1) $a_{ii}=0$ for all $i=1,\ldots, n$ and (2) $a_{ij}+a_{jk}\geq a_{ik}$ for all pairwise distinct $i,j,k\in\{1,\dots, n\}$. In the present paper we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Mikhailo Dokuchaev , Vladimir V. Kirichenko , Ganna Kudryavtseva , Makar Plakhotnyk

Maximally entangled bipartite unitary operators or gates find various applications from quantum information to being building blocks of minimal models of many-body quantum chaos, and have been referred to as "dual unitaries". Dual unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Suhail Ahmad Rather , S. Aravinda , Arul Lakshminarayan

A few simply-stated rules govern the entanglement patterns that can occur in mutually unbiased basis sets (MUBs), and constrain the combinations of such patterns that can coexist (ie, the stoichiometry) in full complements of p^N+1 MUBs. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Jay Lawrence

Quantum algorithms may be described by sequences of unitary transformations called quantum gates and measurements applied to the quantum register of n quantum bits, qubits. A collection of quantum gates is called universal if it can be used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Mottonen , J. J. Vartiainen

We introduce qustochastic matrices as the bistochastic matrices arising from quaternionic unitary matrices by replacing each entry with the square of its norm. This is the quaternionic analogue of the unistochastic matrices studied by…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-03-18 Oleg Chterental , Dragomir Z. Djokovic

As is well-known, the real quaternion division algebra $ {\cal H}$ is algebraically isomorphic to a 4-by-4 real matrix algebra. But the real division octonion algebra ${\cal O}$ can not be algebraically isomorphic to any matrix algebras…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yongge Tian

The decomposition of matrices associated to two-qubit and three-qubit orthogonal gates is studied, and based on the decomposition the synthesis of these gates is investigated. The optimal synthesis of general two-qubit orthogonal gate is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-06 Hai-Rui Wei , Yao-Min Di

We will use commutators to provide decompositions of $3\times 3$ matrices as sums whose terms satisfy some polynomial identities, and we apply them to bounded linear operators and endomorphisms of free modules of infinite rank. In…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-09-08 Simion Breaz , Cristian Rafiliu

In this work we provide a decomposition theorem for the class of quaternary and non-binary signed-graphic matroids. This generalizes previous results for binary signed-graphic matroids and graphic matroids, and it provides the theoretical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-26 Leonidas Pitsoulis , Eleni-Maria Vretta