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Text-based question answering (TBQA) has been studied extensively in recent years. Most existing approaches focus on finding the answer to a question within a single paragraph. However, many difficult questions require multiple supporting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Yunxuan Xiao , Yanru Qu , Lin Qiu , Hao Zhou , Lei Li , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Transformer based architectures are recently used for the task of answering questions over tables. In order to improve the accuracy on this task, specialized pre-training techniques have been developed and applied on millions of open-domain…

Answering time-sensitive questions from long documents requires temporal reasoning over the times in questions and documents. An important open question is whether large language models can perform such reasoning solely using a provided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Xin Su , Phillip Howard , Nagib Hakim , Steven Bethard

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the standard paradigm for answering questions on enterprise data. Traditionally, RAG has centered on text-based semantic search and re-ranking. However, this approach falls short when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Gurbinder Gill , Ritvik Gupta , Denis Lusson , Anand Chandrashekar , Donald Nguyen

Scenario-based question answering (SQA) has attracted an increasing research interest. Compared with the well-studied machine reading comprehension (MRC), SQA is a more challenging task: a scenario may contain not only a textual passage to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Xiao Li , Yawei Sun , Gong Cheng

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has become prevalent in question-answering (QA) tasks due to its ability of utilizing search engine to enhance the quality of long-form question-answering (LFQA). Despite the emergence of various open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Tianchi Cai , Zhiwen Tan , Xierui Song , Tao Sun , Jiyan Jiang , Yunqi Xu , Yinger Zhang , Jinjie Gu

Tabular data analysis is crucial in various fields, and large language models show promise in this area. However, current research mostly focuses on rudimentary tasks like Text2SQL and TableQA, neglecting advanced analysis like forecasting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Xinyi He , Mengyu Zhou , Xinrun Xu , Xiaojun Ma , Rui Ding , Lun Du , Yan Gao , Ran Jia , Xu Chen , Shi Han , Zejian Yuan , Dongmei Zhang

Factuality in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a persistent challenge. Current benchmarks often assess short factual answers, overlooking the critical ability to generate structured, multi-record tabular outputs from parametric knowledge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Dario Satriani , Enzo Veltri , Donatello Santoro , Paolo Papotti

Table Question Answering (TableQA) enables natural language interaction with structured tabular data. However, existing large language model (LLM) approaches face critical limitations: context length constraints that restrict data handling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tong Wang , Chi Jin , Yongkang Chen , Huan Deng , Xiaohui Kuang , Gang Zhao

Despite the remarkable progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), their performance in question answering (QA) remains limited by the lack of domain-specific and up-to-date knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yaodong Su , Yixiang Fang , Yingli Zhou , Quanqing Xu , Chuanhui Yang

In enterprise datasets, documents are rarely pure. They are not just text, nor just numbers; they are a complex amalgam of narrative and structure. Current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have attempted to address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Alex Dantart , Marco Kóvacs-Navarro

Question-answering (QA) on hybrid scientific tabular and textual data deals with scientific information, and relies on complex numerical reasoning. In recent years, while tabular QA has seen rapid progress, understanding their robustness on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Akash Ghosh , B Venkata Sahith , Niloy Ganguly , Pawan Goyal , Mayank Singh

Graph foundation models (GFMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for achieving broad generalization across various graph data. However, existing GFMs are often trained on datasets that may not fully reflect real-world graphs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Adrian Hayler , Xingyue Huang , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Michael Bronstein , Ben Finkelshtein

When trying to answer complex questions, people often rely on multiple sources of information, such as visual, textual, and tabular data. Previous approaches to this problem have focused on designing input features or model structure in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Bowen Yu , Cheng Fu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Question Answering (QA) is a task that entails reasoning over natural language contexts, and many relevant works augment language models (LMs) with graph neural networks (GNNs) to encode the Knowledge Graph (KG) information. However, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Jinyoung Park , Hyeong Kyu Choi , Juyeon Ko , Hyeonjin Park , Ji-Hoon Kim , Jisu Jeong , Kyungmin Kim , Hyunwoo J. Kim

In recent years, there have been significant developments in Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs (KGQA). Despite all the notable advancements, current KGQA systems only focus on answer generation techniques and not on answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Endri Kacupaj , Shyamnath Premnadh , Kuldeep Singh , Jens Lehmann , Maria Maleshkova

We describe two new related resources that facilitate modelling of general knowledge reasoning in 4th grade science exams. The first is a collection of curated facts in the form of tables, and the second is a large set of crowd-sourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Sujay Kumar Jauhar , Peter Turney , Eduard Hovy

We present a novel approach to answering sequential questions based on structured objects such as knowledge bases or tables without using a logical form as an intermediate representation. We encode tables as graphs using a graph neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Thomas Müller , Francesco Piccinno , Massimo Nicosia , Peter Shaw , Yasemin Altun

Chart question answering (CQA) is a newly proposed visual question answering (VQA) task where an algorithm must answer questions about data visualizations, e.g. bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs. CQA requires capabilities that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Kushal Kafle , Robik Shrestha , Brian Price , Scott Cohen , Christopher Kanan

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu
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