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Saliency Object Detection (SOD) has several applications in image analysis. The methods have evolved from image-intrinsic to object-inspired (deep-learning-based) models. When a model fail, however, there is no alternative to enhance its…

The need for Explainable AI is increasing with the development of deep learning. The saliency maps derived from convolutional neural networks generally fail in localizing with accuracy the image features justifying the network prediction.…

This paper addresses the visualisation of image classification models, learnt using deep Convolutional Networks (ConvNets). We consider two visualisation techniques, based on computing the gradient of the class score with respect to the…

Gradient-based saliency methods are widely used to interpret deep neural networks, yet they often produce noisy and unstable explanations that poorly align with semantically meaningful input features. We argue that a fundamental cause of…

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods are widely used to generate visual explanations for deep learning classifiers in medical imaging. However, existing evaluation frameworks assess whether explanations are correct, measured by…

Saliency map detection, as a method for detecting important regions of an image, is used in many applications such as image classification and recognition. We propose that context detection could have an essential role in image saliency…

Color and intensity are two important components in an image. Usually, groups of image pixels, which are similar in color or intensity, are an informative representation for an object. They are therefore particularly suitable for computer…

Saliency is the perceptual capacity of our visual system to focus our attention (i.e. gaze) on relevant objects. Neural networks for saliency estimation require ground truth saliency maps for training which are usually achieved via…

Recent advances in image-based saliency prediction are approaching gold standard performance levels on existing benchmarks. Despite this success, we show that predicting fixations across multiple saliency datasets remains challenging due to…

Visual saliency detection aims at identifying the most visually distinctive parts in an image, and serves as a pre-processing step for a variety of computer vision and image processing tasks. To this end, the saliency detection procedure…

A deep feature based saliency model (DeepFeat) is developed to leverage the understanding of the prediction of human fixations. Traditional saliency models often predict the human visual attention relying on few level image cues. Although…

Deep saliency prediction algorithms complement the object recognition features, they typically rely on additional information, such as scene context, semantic relationships, gaze direction, and object dissimilarity. However, none of these…

Self-supervised learning holds promise in leveraging large numbers of unlabeled data. However, its success heavily relies on the highly-curated dataset, e.g., ImageNet, which still needs human cleaning. Directly learning representations…

In this paper, we propose a fast deep learning method for object saliency detection using convolutional neural networks. In our approach, we use a gradient descent method to iteratively modify the input images based on the pixel-wise…

The widespread use of black-box AI models has raised the need for algorithms and methods that explain the decisions made by these models. In recent years, the AI research community is increasingly interested in models' explainability since…

Human eyes concentrate different facial regions during distinct cognitive activities. We study utilising facial visual saliency maps to classify different facial expressions into different emotions. Our results show that our novel method of…

Deep convolutional neural networks have demonstrated high performances for fixation prediction in recent years. How they achieve this, however, is less explored and they remain to be black box models. Here, we attempt to shed light on the…

Image classification based on machine learning is being commonly used. However, a classification result given by an advanced method, including deep learning, is often hard to interpret. This problem of interpretability is one of the major…

Saliency maps have become a widely used method to assess which areas of the input image are most pertinent to the prediction of a trained neural network. However, in the context of medical imaging, there is no study to our knowledge that…

Predicting salient regions in natural images requires the detection of objects that are present in a scene. To develop robust representations for this challenging task, high-level visual features at multiple spatial scales must be extracted…