Related papers: Causality-Driven One-Shot Learning for Prostate Ca…

Causal models seek to unravel the cause-effect relationships among variables from observed data, as opposed to mere mappings among them, as traditional regression models do. This paper introduces a novel causal discovery algorithm designed…

Domain Generalization (DG) aims to learn a model that can generalize well to unseen target domains from a set of source domains. With the idea of invariant causal mechanism, a lot of efforts have been put into learning robust causal effects…

Low-shot learning methods for image classification support learning from sparse data. We extend these techniques to support dense semantic image segmentation. Specifically, we train a network that, given a small set of annotated images,…

Learning from a few examples remains a key challenge in machine learning. Despite recent advances in important domains such as vision and language, the standard supervised deep learning paradigm does not offer a satisfactory solution for…

Distributional robustness is a central goal of prediction algorithms due to the prevalent distribution shifts in real-world data. The prediction model aims to minimize the worst-case risk among a class of distributions, a.k.a., an…

Sound and complete algorithms have been proposed to compute identifiable causal queries using the causal structure and data. However, most of these algorithms assume accurate estimation of the data distribution, which is impractical for…

A typical problem in causal modeling is the instability of model structure learning, i.e., small changes in finite data can result in completely different optimal models. The present work introduces a novel causal modeling algorithm for…

Semantic segmentation of microscopic cell images using deep learning is an important technique, however, it requires a large number of images and ground truth labels for training. To address the above problem, we consider an efficient…

Many recent few-shot learning methods concentrate on designing novel model architectures. In this paper, we instead show that with a simple backbone convolutional network we can even surpass state-of-the-art classification accuracy. The…

In histopathological image analysis, feature extraction for classification is a challenging task due to the diversity of histology features suitable for each problem as well as presence of rich geometrical structure. In this paper, we…

Algorithms for constraint-based causal discovery select graphical causal models among a space of possible candidates (e.g., all directed acyclic graphs) by executing a sequence of conditional independence tests. These may be used to inform…

With the wealth of medical image data, efficient curation is essential. Assigning the sequence type to magnetic resonance images is necessary for scientific studies and artificial intelligence-based analysis. However, incomplete or missing…

In this paper, we introduce the new ideas of augmenting Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Memory and learning to learn the network parameters for the unlabelled images on the fly in one-shot learning. Specifically, we present Memory…

Current methods for developing foundation models in medical image segmentation rely on two primary assumptions: a fixed set of classes and the immediate availability of a substantial and diverse training dataset. However, this can be…

Most neural models of causality assume static causal graphs, failing to capture the dynamic and sparse nature of physical interactions where causal relationships emerge and dissolve over time. We introduce the Causal Process Framework and…

Large foundation models, known for their strong zero-shot generalization, have excelled in visual and language applications. However, applying them to medical image segmentation, a domain with diverse imaging types and target labels,…

Cancers are the leading cause of death in many countries. Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in having proper treatment for this debilitating disease. The automated classification of the type of cancer is a challenging task since…

This paper frames causal structure estimation as a machine learning task. The idea is to treat indicators of causal relationships between variables as `labels' and to exploit available data on the variables of interest to provide features…

Deep neural networks can obtain impressive performance on various tasks under the assumption that their training domain is identical to their target domain. Performance can drop dramatically when this assumption does not hold. One…

Faced with data-driven policies, individuals will manipulate their features to obtain favorable decisions. While earlier works cast these manipulations as undesirable gaming, recent works have adopted a more nuanced causal framing in which…