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Transferring high-level knowledge from a source task to a target task is an effective way to expedite reinforcement learning (RL). For example, propositional logic and first-order logic have been used as representations of such knowledge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Zhe Xu , Ufuk Topcu

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language for specifying real-time behaviors of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Automatically transforming natural language requirements into STL specifications has received growing attention. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yue Fang , Zhi Jin , Jie An , Hongshen Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Naijun Zhan

We investigate how formal temporal logic specifications can enhance the safety and robustness of reinforcement learning (RL) control in aerospace applications. Using the open source AeroBench F-16 simulation benchmark, we train a Proximal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hani Beirami , M M Manjurul Islam

In runtime verification, manually formalizing a specification for monitoring system executions is a tedious and error-prone process. To address this issue, we consider the problem of automatically synthesizing formal specifications from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ritam Raha , Rajarshi Roy , Nathanael Fijalkow , Daniel Neider , Guillermo A. Perez

As learned control policies become increasingly common in autonomous systems, there is increasing need to ensure that they are interpretable and can be checked by human stakeholders. Formal specifications have been proposed as ways to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Isabelle Hurley , Rohan Paleja , Ashley Suh , Jaime D. Peña , Ho Chit Siu

There are spatio-temporal rules that dictate how robots should operate in complex environments, e.g., road rules govern how (self-driving) vehicles should behave on the road. However, seamlessly incorporating such rules into a robot control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Karen Leung , Marco Pavone

In distributed systems with processes that do not share a global clock, \emph{partial synchrony} is achieved by clock synchronization that guarantees bounded clock skew among all applications. Existing solutions for distributed runtime…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Borzoo Bonakdarpour , Anik Momtaz , Dejan Ničković , N. Ege Saraç

Much of the recent work developing formal methods techniques to specify or learn the behavior of autonomous systems is predicated on a belief that formal specifications are interpretable and useful for humans when checking systems. Though…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ho Chit Siu , Kevin Leahy , Makai Mann

This paper presents a spatiotemporal tube (STT)-based control framework for satisfying Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications in unknown control-affine systems. We formulate STL constraints as a robust optimization problem (ROP) and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Ratnangshu Das , Subhodeep Choudhury , Pushpak Jagtap

We investigate the task and motion planning problem for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications in robotics. Existing STL methods rely on pre-defined maps or mobility representations, which are ineffective in unstructured real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Bowen Ye , Junyue Huang , Yang Liu , Xiaozhen Qiao , Xiang Yin

Time series classification is a task of paramount importance, as this kind of data often arises in safety-critical applications. However, it is typically tackled with black-box deep learning methods, making it hard for humans to understand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Irene Ferfoglia , Simone Silvetti , Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as an efficient method of choice for solving complex sequential decision making problems in automatic control, computer science, economics, and biology. In this paper we present a model-free RL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig , Yiannis Kantaros , Alessandro Abate , Daniel Kroening , George J. Pappas , Insup Lee

We discuss how to define a kernel for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulae. Such a kernel allows us to embed the space of formulae into a Hilbert space, and opens up the use of kernel-based machine learning algorithms in the context of STL.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Luca Bortolussi , Giuseppe Maria Gallo , Laura Nenzi

The reliability of autonomous systems depends on their robustness, i.e., their ability to meet their objectives under uncertainty. In this paper, we study spatiotemporal robustness of temporal logic specifications evaluated over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Oliver Schön , Lars Lindemann

We propose algorithms for performing model checking and control synthesis for discrete-time uncertain systems under linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. We construct temporal logic trees (TLT) from LTL formulae via reachability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-07 Yulong Gao , Alessandro Abate , Frank J. Jiang , Mirco Giacobbe , Lihua Xie , Karl H. Johansson

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) enables formal specification of complex spatiotemporal constraints for robotic task planning. However, synthesizing long-horizon continuous control trajectories from complex STL specifications is fundamentally…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hongrui Zheng , Zirui Zang , Ahmad Amine , Cristian Ioan Vasile , Rahul Mangharam

Optimizing high-level mission planning constraints is traditionally solved in exponential time and requires to split the problem into several ones, making the connections between them a convoluted task. This paper aims at generalizing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-11 Thomas Claudet , Davide Martire , Damiana Losa , Francesco Sanfedino , Daniel Alazard

This paper presents a smooth parameterization of continuous-time Signal Temporal Logic (CT-STL) specifications for nonconvex trajectory optimization that is sound and complete up to the accuracy of the underlying numerical integration…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Samet Uzun , Behçet Açıkmeşe

This paper proposes an optimization-based task and motion planning framework, named "Logic Network Flow", to integrate signal temporal logic (STL) specifications into efficient mixed-binary linear programmings. In this framework, temporal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xuan Lin , Jiming Ren , Samuel Coogan , Ye Zhao

In many real-world applications, safety constraints for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are either unknown or not explicitly defined. We propose a framework that concurrently learns safety constraints and optimal RL policies in such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-02 Lunet Yifru , Ali Baheri