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To get the best possible results from current quantum devices error mitigation is essential. In this work we present a simple but effective error mitigation technique based on the assumption that noise in a deep quantum circuit is well…

We analyze the performance of quantum stabilizer codes, one of the most important classes for practical implementations, on both symmetric and asymmetric quantum channels. To this aim, we first derive the weight enumerator (WE) for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

With the intense interest in small, noisy quantum computing devices comes the push for larger, more accurate -- and hence more useful -- quantum computers. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are, in principle, capable of achieving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-22 Akshaya Jayashankar , My Duy Hoang Long , Hui Khoon Ng , Prabha Mandayam

The performance of a given quantum error correction (QEC) code depends upon the noise model that is assumed. Independent Pauli noise, applied after each quantum operation, is a simplistic noise model that is easy to simulate and understand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Wayne M. Witzel , Anand Ganti , Tzvetan S. Metodi

Noise is the defining feature of the NISQ era, but it remains unclear if noisy quantum devices are capable of quantum speedups. Quantum supremacy experiments have been a major step forward, but gaps remain between the theory behind these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Adam Bouland , Bill Fefferman , Zeph Landau , Yunchao Liu

The surface code is a many-body quantum system, and simulating it in generic conditions is computationally hard. While the surface code is believed to have a high threshold, the numerical simulations used to establish this threshold are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Andrew S. Darmawan , David Poulin

Erasures are the primary type of errors in physical systems dominated by leakage errors. While quantum error correction (QEC) using stabilizer codes can combat erasure errors, it remains unknown which constructions achieve capacity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Yingkai Ouyang

We compare the effect of single qubit incoherent and coherent errors on the logical error rate of the Steane [[7,1,3]] quantum error correction code by performing an exact full-density-matrix simulation of an error correction step. We find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Mauricio Gutiérrez , Conor Smith , Livia Lulushi , Smitha Janardan , Kenneth R. Brown

Extensive quantum error correction is necessary in order to scale quantum hardware to the regime of practical applications. As a result, a significant amount of decoding hardware is necessary to process the colossal amount of data required…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-31 Nicolas Delfosse

We investigate the amount of noise required to turn a universal quantum gate set into one that can be efficiently modelled classically. This question is useful for providing upper bounds on fault tolerant thresholds, and for understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Virmani , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

Quantum information needs to be protected by quantum error-correcting codes due to imperfect physical devices and operations. One would like to have an efficient and high-performance decoding procedure for the class of quantum stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

The realization of fault-tolerant quantum computers hinges on effective quantum error correction protocols, whose performance significantly relies on the nature of the underlying noise. In this work, we directly study the structure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 John F Kam , Spiro Gicev , Kavan Modi , Angus Southwell , Muhammad Usman

Large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computations will be enabled by quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). This work presents the first systematic technique to test the accuracy and effectiveness of different QECC decoding schemes by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler

Quantum processors are often affected by biased noise and noisy readout, which reduce reliability and reproducibility. This work combines two complementary strategies to address these challenges. The first is bias tailoring, which aligns…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Devon Campbell

flip is an extremely simple and maximally local classical decoder which has been used to great effect in certain classes of classical codes. When applied to quantum codes there exist constant-weight errors (such as half of a stabiliser)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 T. R. Scruby , K. Nemoto

Decoding a quantum error correction code is generally NP-hard, but corrections must be applied at a high frequency to suppress noise successfully. Matchable codes, like the surface code, exhibit a special structure that makes it possible to…

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

Two-dimensional color codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing, as they have high encoding rates, transversal implementation of logical Clifford gates, and resource-efficient magic state preparation schemes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Seok-Hyung Lee , Andrew Li , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Often in QEC errors are assumed to be independent and identically distributed and can be discretised to a random Pauli error during the execution of a…

Surface code error correction offers a highly promising pathway to achieve scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. When operated as stabilizer codes, surface code computations consist of a syndrome decoding step where measured stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-14 Spiro Gicev , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg , Muhammad Usman