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Simulation-based inference (SBI) has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting cosmological information from galaxy surveys deep into the non-linear regime. Despite its great promise, its application is limited by the computational cost of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-21 Gemma Zhang , Chirag Modi , Oliver H. E. Philcox

The standard approach to inference from cosmic large-scale structure data employs summary statistics that are compared to analytic models in a Gaussian likelihood with pre-computed covariance. To overcome the idealising assumptions about…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-24 Kiyam Lin , Maximilian von Wietersheim-Kramsta , Benjamin Joachimi , Stephen Feeney

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables cosmological parameter estimation when closed-form likelihoods or models are unavailable. However, SBI relies on machine learning for neural compression and density estimation. This requires large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-29 Alex A. Saoulis , Davide Piras , Niall Jeffrey , Alessio Spurio Mancini , Ana M. G. Ferreira , Benjamin Joachimi

Simulation-based inference (SBI) allows fast Bayesian inference for simulators encoding implicit likelihoods. However, some explicit likelihoods cannot be easily reformulated as simulators, hindering their integration into combined analyses…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-19 Guillermo Franco Abellán , Noemi Anau Montel , Oleg Savchenko , Christoph Weniger

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables parameter inference by training neural networks on forward simulations. It is being applied both for intractable likelihoods as well as under time constraints on the posterior sampling. After…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Leander Thiele

Extracting maximum cosmological information from current and upcoming large-scale structure data requires going beyond summary statistics as currently used in likelihood-based inference. Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) promises to enable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Giulio Scelfo , Satvik Mishra , Mauro Rigo , Roberto Trotta , Matteo Viel

\textit{What is the cosmological information content of a cubic Gigaparsec of dark matter? } Extracting cosmological information from the non-linear matter distribution has high potential to tighten parameter constraints in the era of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Anirban Bairagi , Benjamin Wandelt

We present a Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) framework for cosmological parameter estimation via void lensing analysis. Despite the absence of an analytical model of void lensing, SBI can effectively learn posterior distributions through…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-09 Chen Su , Huanyuan Shan , Cheng Zhao , Wenshuo Xu , Jiajun Zhang

The simulation cost for cosmological simulation-based inference can be decreased by combining simulation sets of varying fidelity. We propose an approach to such multi-fidelity inference based on feature matching and knowledge distillation.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Leander Thiele , Adrian E. Bayer , Naoya Takeishi

A major challenge in extracting information from current and upcoming surveys of cosmological Large-Scale Structure (LSS) is the limited availability of computationally expensive high-fidelity simulations. We introduce calibrated Neural…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 He Jia

Precise cosmological inference from next-generation weak lensing surveys requires extracting non-Gaussian information beyond standard two-point statistics. We present a hybrid machine-learning (ML) framework that integrates field-level…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Jiacheng Ding , Chen Su , Ji Yao , Le Zhang , Huanyuan Shan

We test the robustness of simulation-based inference (SBI) in the context of cosmological parameter estimation from galaxy cluster counts and masses in simulated optical datasets. We construct ``simulations'' using analytical models for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-01 Moonzarin Reza , Yuanyuan Zhang , Camille Avestruz , Louis E. Strigari , Simone Shevchuk , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro

Standard cosmological analysis, which relies on two-point statistics, fails to extract the full information of the data. This limits our ability to constrain with precision cosmological parameters. Thus, recent years have seen a paradigm…

(Abridged) Simulation-based inference (SBI) has emerged as a powerful framework for extracting cosmological information from complex, non-linear data where analytical likelihoods are unavailable. Its reliability is commonly assessed using…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Toka Alokda , Cristiano Porciani , Alexander Eggemeier

Simulation-based inference (SBI) is emerging as a new statistical paradigm for addressing complex scientific inference problems. By leveraging the representational power of deep neural networks, SBI can extract the most informative…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-17 Huifang Lyu , James Alvey , Noemi Anau Montel , Mauro Pieroni , Christoph Weniger

Simulation-based inference (SBI) is rapidly establishing itself as a standard machine learning technique for analyzing data in cosmological surveys. Despite continual improvements to the quality of density estimation by learned models,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 Pablo Lemos , Miles Cranmer , Muntazir Abidi , ChangHoon Hahn , Michael Eickenberg , Elena Massara , David Yallup , Shirley Ho

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is an approach to statistical inference where simulations from an assumed model are used to construct estimators and confidence sets. SBI is often used when the likelihood is intractable and to construct…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Lorenzo Tomaselli , Valérie Ventura , Larry Wasserman

In this work, we present a scalable approach for inferring the dark energy equation-of-state parameter ($w$) from a population of strong gravitational lens images using Simulation-Based Inference (SBI). Strong gravitational lensing offers…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-25 Sreevani Jarugula , Brian Nord , Abhijith Gandrakota , Aleksandra Ćiprijanović

Observations of the cosmic 21-cm power spectrum (PS) are starting to enable precision Bayesian inference of galaxy properties and physical cosmology, during the first billion years of our Universe. Here we investigate the impact of common…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 David Prelogović , Andrei Mesinger

Simulation-based inference (SBI) has become an important tool in cosmology for extracting additional information from observational data using simulations. However, all cosmological simulations are approximations of the actual universe, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Sébastien Pierre , Bruno Régaldo-Saint Blancard , ChangHoon Hahn , Michael Eickenberg
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