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Modern software often accepts inputs with highly complex grammars. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that they can be used to synthesize high-quality natural language text and code that conforms to the grammar of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Kunpeng Zhang , Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Xin Xia

We introduce LLMStinger, a novel approach that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically generate adversarial suffixes for jailbreak attacks. Unlike traditional methods, which require complex prompt engineering or white-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Piyush Jha , Arnav Arora , Vijay Ganesh

A fundamental problem in cybersecurity and computer science is determining whether a program is free of bugs and vulnerabilities. Fuzzing, a popular approach to discovering vulnerabilities in programs, has several advantages over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ian Hardgrove , John D. Hastings

Directed greybox fuzzing (DGF) focuses on efficiently reaching specific program locations or triggering particular behaviors, making it essential for tasks like vulnerability detection and crash reproduction. However, existing methods often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hanxiang Xu , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

Modern fuzzers increasingly use Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate structured inputs, but LLM-driven fuzzing is sensitive to prompt initialization and sampling variance, which can reduce exploration efficiency and lead to redundant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mario Rodríguez Béjar , B. Romera-Paredes , Jose L. Hernández-Ramos

The widespread applications of large language models (LLMs) have brought about concerns regarding their potential misuse. Although aligned with human preference data before release, LLMs remain vulnerable to various malicious attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yan Yang , Zeguan Xiao , Xin Lu , Hongru Wang , Xuetao Wei , Hailiang Huang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to red teaming attacks, which can induce LLMs to generate harmful content. Previous research constructs attack prompts via manual or automatic methods, which have their own limitations on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Boyi Deng , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Yang Deng , Qifan Wang , Xiangnan He

Fuzzing is highly effective in detecting bugs due to the key contribution of randomness. However, randomness significantly reduces the efficiency of fuzzing, causing it to cost days or weeks to expose bugs. Even though directed fuzzing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xiaotao Feng , Xiaogang Zhu , Kun Hu , Jincheng Wang , Yingjie Cao , Guang Gong , Jianfeng Pan

Large Language Models (LLMS) have increasingly become central to generating content with potential societal impacts. Notably, these models have demonstrated capabilities for generating content that could be deemed harmful. To mitigate these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Zihao Xu , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Stjepan Picek

Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to red team other models (e.g. jailbreaking) to elicit harmful contents. While prior works commonly employ open-weight models or private uncensored models for doing jailbreaking, as the…

Red-teaming, or identifying prompts that elicit harmful responses, is a critical step in ensuring the safe and responsible deployment of large language models (LLMs). Developing effective protection against many modes of attack prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Seanie Lee , Minsu Kim , Lynn Cherif , David Dobre , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Gauthier Gidel , Yoshua Bengio , Nikolay Malkin , Moksh Jain

As the use of large language models (LLMs) continues to expand, ensuring their safety and robustness has become a critical challenge. In particular, jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms are increasingly recognized as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Hajun Kim , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

In the era of rapid generative AI development, interactions with large language models (LLMs) pose increasing risks of misuse. Prior research has primarily focused on attacks using template-based prompts and optimization-oriented methods,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenhan Chang , Tianqing Zhu , Yu Zhao , Shuangyong Song , Ping Xiong , Wanlei Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) generate human-aligned content under certain safety constraints. However, the current known technique ``jailbreak prompt'' can circumvent safety-aligned measures and induce LLMs to output malicious content.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xi Wang , Songlei Jian , Shasha Li , Xiaopeng Li , Bin Ji , Jun Ma , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Wang , Feilong Bao , Jianfeng Zhang , Baosheng Wang , Jie Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized software testing, particularly fuzz testing, by automating the generation of diverse and effective test inputs. This advancement holds great promise for improving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Linghan Huang , Peizhou Zhao , Huaming Chen

Generation-based fuzzing produces appropriate test cases according to specifications of input grammars and semantic constraints to test systems and software. However, these specifications require significant manual effort to construct. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Chuyang Chen , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Zhiqiang Lin

Deep learning (DL) libraries, widely used in AI applications, often contain vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and use-after-free errors. Traditional fuzzing struggles with the complexity and API diversity of DL libraries such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Kunpeng Zhang , Shuai Wang , Jitao Han , Xiaogang Zhu , Xian Li , Shaohua Wang , Sheng Wen

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in many applications, from customer service chat bots and software development assistants to more capable agentic systems necessitates research into how to secure these systems. Attacks like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Erick Galinkin , Martin Sablotny

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have emerged with astonishing capabilities approaching artificial general intelligence. While providing convenience for various societal needs, LLMs have also lowered the cost of generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Zhenhua Wang , Wei Xie , Kai Chen , Baosheng Wang , Zhiwen Gui , Enze Wang