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GPT-4 was released in March 2023 to wide acclaim, marking a very substantial improvement across the board over GPT-3.5 (OpenAI's previously best model, which had powered the initial release of ChatGPT). However, despite the genuinely…

Lately, Large Language Models have been widely used in code generation. GPT4 is considered the most potent Large Language Model from Openai. In this paper, we examine GPT3.5 and GPT4 as coding assistants. More specifically, we have…

It has been suggested that large language models such as GPT-4 have acquired some form of understanding beyond the correlations among the words in text including some understanding of mathematics as well. Here, we perform a critical inquiry…

A cautious interpretation of AI regulations and policy in the EU and the USA place explainability as a central deliverable of compliant AI systems. However, from a technical perspective, explainable AI (XAI) remains an elusive and complex…

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools based on large language models have acheived human-level performance on some computer programming tasks. We report several experiments using GPT-4 to generate computer code. These experiments demonstrate…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed in legal contexts, where their opacity raises significant challenges for fairness, accountability, and trust. The so-called ``black box problem'' undermines the legitimacy of…

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the opacity of algorithms, contextualized in the open debate on responsibility for artificial intelligence causation; with an experimental approach by which, applying the proposed conversational…

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is the fourth-generation language model in the GPT series, developed by OpenAI, which promises significant advancements in the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this research…

This study evaluates the performance of general-purpose AI, like ChatGPT, in legal question-answering tasks, highlighting significant risks to legal professionals and clients. It suggests leveraging foundational models enhanced by…

We analyzed effectiveness of three generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models in answering multiple-choice question (MCQ) assessments, often involving short snippets of code, from introductory and intermediate programming courses at…

With the increased usage of artificial intelligence (AI), it is imperative to understand how these models work internally. These needs have led to the development of a new field called eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI). This field…

The debate about the concept of the so called right to explanation in AI is the subject of a wealth of literature. It has focused, in the legal scholarship, on art. 22 GDPR and, in the technical scholarship, on techniques that help explain…

Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have been developing and refining large language models (LLMs) that exhibit remarkable capabilities across a variety of domains and tasks, challenging our understanding of learning and cognition. The…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), represented by OpenAI's GPT series, has significantly impacted various domains such as natural language processing, software development, education, healthcare, finance, and scientific…

The explainability of AI has transformed from a purely technical issue to a complex issue closely related to algorithmic governance and algorithmic security. The lack of explainable AI (XAI) brings adverse effects that can cross all…

Better understanding of Large Language Models' (LLMs) legal analysis abilities can contribute to improving the efficiency of legal services, governing artificial intelligence, and leveraging LLMs to identify inconsistencies in law. This…

Interpreting the meaning of legal open-textured terms is a key task of legal professionals. An important source for this interpretation is how the term was applied in previous court cases. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of GPT-4…

Fact verification is a critical yet underexplored component of non-litigation legal practice. While existing research has examined automation in legal workflow and human-AI collaboration in high-stakes domains, little is known about how…

Despite recent advances in understanding the capabilities and limits of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models, we are just beginning to understand their capacity to assess and reason about the veracity of content. We evaluate…

In late 2022, OpenAI released a new version of ChatGPT, a sophisticated natural language processing system capable of holding natural conversations while preserving and responding to the context of the discussion. ChatGPT has exceeded…