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We consider the manipulability of tournament rules which map the results of $\binom{n}{2}$ pairwise matches and select a winner. Prior work designs simple tournament rules such that no pair of teams can manipulate the outcome of their match…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Kimberly Ding , S. Matthew Weinberg

Ranking the participants of a tournament has applications in voting, paired comparisons analysis, sports and other domains. In this paper we introduce bipartite tournaments, which model situations in which two different kinds of entity…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Joseph Singleton , Richard Booth

We consider the manipulability of tournament rules for round-robin tournaments of $n$ competitors. Specifically, $n$ competitors are competing for a prize, and a tournament rule $r$ maps the result of all $\binom{n}{2}$ pairwise matches…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-01 Jon Schneider , Ariel Schvartzman , S. Matthew Weinberg

Over the last decade, extensive research has been conducted on the algorithmic aspects of designing single-elimination (SE) tournaments. Addressing natural questions of algorithmic tractability, we identify key properties of input instances…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Václav Blažej , Sushmita Gupta , M. S. Ramanujan , Peter Strulo

In a classical chess round-robin tournament, each of $n$ players wins, draws, or loses a game against each of the other $n-1$ players. A win rewards a player with 1 points, a draw with 1/2 point, and a loss with 0 points. We are interested…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Yaakov Malinovsky

Single-elimination tournaments are the standard paradigm both for the main tennis professional associations. Schedules are generated by allocating first seeded and then unseeded players with seeds prevented from encountering each other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-10-23 Federico Della Croce , Gabriele Dragotto , Rosario Scatamacchia

We introduce a new measure to capture fairness of a schedule in a single round robin (SRR) tournament when participants are ranked by strength. To prevent distortion of the outcome of an SRR tournament as well as to guarantee equal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Sten Wessel , Cor Hurkens , Frits Spieksma

A tournament is a method to decide the winner in a competition, and describes the overall sequence in which matches between the players are held. While deciding a worthy winner is the primary goal of a tournament, a close second is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Umang Bhaskar , Juhi Chaudhary , Palash Dey

We consider the manipulability of tournament rules, in which $n$ teams play a round robin tournament and a winner is (possibly randomly) selected based on the outcome of all $\binom{n}{2}$ matches. Prior work defines a tournament rule to be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ariel Schvartzman , S. Matthew Weinberg , Eitan Zlatin , Albert Zuo

Multi-round competitions often double or triple the points awarded in the final round, calling it a bonus, to maximize spectators' excitement. In a two-player competition with $n$ rounds, we aim to derive the optimal bonus size to maximize…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhihuan Huang , Yuqing Kong , Tracy Xiao Liu , Grant Schoenebeck , Shengwei Xu

We analyse a mathematical model of seeding for sports contests with round-robin qualifying tournaments. The standard seeding system based on coefficients measuring the historical performance of the teams is shown to be unfair as it might…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-14 László Csató

We form a "map of tournaments" by adapting the map framework from the world of elections. By a tournament we mean a complete directed graph where the nodes are the players and an edge points from a winner of a game to the loser (with no…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Filip Nikolow , Piotr Faliszewski , Stanisław Szufa

The election is a classical problem in distributed algorithmic. It aims to design and to analyze a distributed algorithm choosing a node in a graph, here, in a tree. In this paper, a class of randomized algorithms for the election is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-07-20 Jean-François Marckert , Nasser Saheb-Djahromi , Akka Zemmari

Every sport needs rules. Tournament design refers to the rules that determine how a tournament, a series of games between a number of competitors, is organized. This study aims to provide an overview of the tournament design literature from…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-20 Karel Devriesere , László Csató , Dries Goossens

We consider a general class of round-robin tournament models of equally strong players. In these models, each of the $n$ players competes against every other player exactly once. For each match between two players, the outcome is a value…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Yaakov Malinovsky

The draw of some knockout tournaments requires finding a perfect matching in a balanced bipartite graph. The problem becomes challenging with draw constraints: the two draw procedures used in sports are known to be non-uniformly distributed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-17 László Csató

In repeated games, players choose actions concurrently at each step. We consider a parameterized setting of repeated games in which the players form a population of an arbitrary size. Their utility functions encode a reachability objective.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Nathalie Bertrand , Patricia Bouyer , Luc Lapointe , Corto Mascle

We study a stochastic process that mimics single-game elimination tournaments. In our model, the outcome of each match is stochastic: the weaker player wins with upset probability q<=1/2, and the stronger player wins with probability 1-q.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , S. Redner , F. Vazquez

Tournaments can be used to model a variety of practical scenarios including sports competitions and elections. A natural notion of strength of alternatives in a tournament is a generalized king: an alternative is said to be a $k$-king if it…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-28 Pasin Manurangsi , Warut Suksompong

In knockout tournaments, players compete in successive rounds, with losers eliminated and winners advancing until a single champion remains. Given a tournament digraph $D$, which encodes the outcomes of all possible matches, and a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhonghao Wang , Junqiang Peng , Yuxi Liu , Mingyu Xiao