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The firewall transformation put forward by 't Hooft in recent years has made ambitious claims of solving the firewall problem and the black hole information paradox while maintaining unitary evolution. However, the theory has received…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-19 Nathaniel A. Strauss , Bernard F. Whiting

This study critically reevaluates the Harlow-Hayden (HH) solution to the black hole information paradox and its articulation in the firewall paradox. The exploration recognizes the HH solution as a revolutionary approach in black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-19 Galina Weinstein

Motivated by their relevance to the interior of nonrotating black holes, classical and quantum Kantowski-Sachs cosmologies have recently attracted increasing attention. This interest has led to the development of a Hamiltonian formalism for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-20 Michele Lenzi , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Andrés Mínguez-Sánchez , Carlos F. Sopuerta

The firewall paradox for black holes is often viewed as indicating a conflict between unitarity and the equivalence principle. We elucidate how the paradox manifests as a limitation of semiclassical theory, rather than presents a conflict…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-21 Yasunori Nomura , Nico Salzetta

A promising strategy for better understanding space and time at the Planck scale, is outlined and further pursued. It is explained in detail, how black hole unitarity demands the existence of transformations that can remove firewalls. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-12 Gerard t Hooft

The past year has seen an explosion of new and old ideas about black hole physics. Prior to the firewall paper, the dominant picture was the thermofield model apparently implied by ADS/CFT duality\cite{mal2}. While some seek a narrow…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-14 Michael Devin

We demonstrate that at the rim of photon sphere of a black hole the quantum collective transition takes place in any multiparticle system of indistinguishable particles at passing inward this limiting sphere. This transition is related to…

General Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Janusz E. Jacak

We propose that black hole information is encoded in non-local correlations between microscopic interior and exterior degrees of freedom. We give a simple qubit representation of this proposal, and show herein that for every black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-05 Erik Verlinde , Herman Verlinde

The Hamiltonian description of classical gauge theories is a well studied subject. The two best known approaches, namely the covariant and canonical Hamiltonian formalisms have received a lot of attention in the literature. However, in our…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 Alejandro Corichi , Juan D. Reyes , Tatjana Vukasinac

Black hole complementarity, as originally formulated in the 1990's by Preskill, 't Hooft, and myself is now being challenged by the Almheiri-Marolf-Polchinski-Sully firewall argument. The AMPS argument relies on an implicit assumption---the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-10 Leonard Susskind

The central idea advocated in this paper is that {forming the black hole horizon is attended with transition from the classical regime of evolution to the quantum one}. We justify the following criterion for discriminating between the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 B. P. Kosyakov

The action for a class of three-dimensional dilaton-gravity theories with a cosmological constant can be recast in a Brans-Dicke type action, with its free $\omega$ parameter. These theories have static spherically symmetric black holes.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Gonçalo A. S. Dias , José P. S. Lemos

In this MSc. thesis, we have attempted to give an overview of the firewall paradox and various approaches towards its resolution. After an introductory chapter on some basic concepts in quantum field theory in curved spacetimes such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-06 Furkan Semih Dündar

The AMPS firewall argument relies on treating early radiation, late outgoing Hawking modes, and interior partner modes as approximately independent quantum subsystems. In diffeomorphism-invariant quantum gravity, however, gravitational…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-15 Naman Kumar

It has been suggested [1] that the resolution of the information paradox for evaporating black holes is that the holes are surrounded by firewalls, bolts of outgoing radiation that would destroy any infalling observer. Such firewalls would…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-01-23 S. W. Hawking

Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully argued that, for a consistent black hole evaporation process, the horizon of a sufficiently old black hole should be replaced by a "firewall" at which an infalling observer burns up, which obviously…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-07 Naritaka Oshita

In this paper, we discuss the black hole complementarity and the firewall proposal at length. Black hole complementarity is inevitable if we assume the following five things: unitarity, entropy-area formula, existence of an information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Dong-il Hwang , Bum-Hoon Lee , Dong-han Yeom

The action for a class of three-dimensional dilaton-gravity theories, with an electromagnetic Maxwell field and a cosmological constant, can be recast in a Brans-Dicke-Maxwell type action, with its free $\omega$ parameter. For a negative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-23 Gonçalo A. S. Dias , José P. S. Lemos

Black hole complementarity requires that the interior of a black hole be represented by the same degrees of freedom that describe its exterior. Entanglement plays a crucial role in the reconstruction of the interior degrees of freedom. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-10-09 Leonard Susskind

We use the formalisms of Holographic Space-time (HST) and Matrix Theory[11] to investigate the claim of [1] that old black holes contain a firewall, i.e. an in-falling detector encounters highly excited states at a time much shorter than…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-20 T. Banks , W. Fischler
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