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Using canonical quantisation, and eschewing the Schwinger-Keldysh path integral, we derive a version of the Worldline Quantum Field Theory (WQFT) formalism suitable for both scattering and bound configurations of the classical two-body…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-06 Riccardo Gonzo , Gustav Mogull

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

In this paper we discuss quantum computational restrictions on the types of thought experiments recently used by Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully to argue against the smoothness of black hole horizons. We argue that the quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Daniel Harlow , Patrick Hayden

The firewall was introduced into black hole evaporation scenarios as a deus ex machina designed to break entanglements and preserve unitarity (Almheiri et.al., 2013). Here we show that the firewall actually exists and does break…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-02 K. Thanjavur , W. Israel

We revisit our investigation of the claim of [1] that old black holes contain a firewall, i.e. an in-falling observer encounters highly excited states at a time much shorter than the light crossing time of the Schwarzschild radius. We used…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-02-03 Tom Banks , Willy Fischler , Sandipan Kundu , Juan F. Pedraza

Black hole complementarity requires that the interior of a black hole be represented by the same degrees of freedom that describe its exterior. Entanglement plays a crucial role in the reconstruction of the interior degrees of freedom. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-10-09 Leonard Susskind

We obtain the strongest separation between quantum and classical query complexity known to date -- specifically, we define a black-box problem that requires exponentially many queries in the classical bounded-error case, but can be solved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Niel de Beaudrap , Richard Cleve , John Watrous

We propose that black hole information is encoded in non-local correlations between microscopic interior and exterior degrees of freedom. We give a simple qubit representation of this proposal, and show herein that for every black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-05 Erik Verlinde , Herman Verlinde

The preeminent view that evaporating black holes should simply be smaller black holes has been challenged by the firewall paradox. In particular, this paradox suggests that something different occurs once a black hole has evaporated to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-24 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola

In an approach to quantum gravity where space-time arises from coarse graining of fundamentally discrete structures, black hole formation and subsequent evaporation can be described by a unitary evolution without the problems encountered by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Alejandro Perez

The presumption that Hawking radiations are thermally distributed can be considered to result from their entanglement with the internal degrees of freedom for a black hole. This leads to the "firewall" paradox if unitary evolution continues…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-25 Baocheng Zhang , Li You

The recent discovery of fully-homomorphic classical encryption schemes has had a dramatic effect on the direction of modern cryptography. Such schemes, however, implicitly rely on the assumptions that solving certain computation problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Yingkai Ouyang , Si-Hui Tan , Joseph Fitzsimons

In this paper, we discuss the black hole complementarity and the firewall proposal at length. Black hole complementarity is inevitable if we assume the following five things: unitarity, entropy-area formula, existence of an information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Dong-il Hwang , Bum-Hoon Lee , Dong-han Yeom

Firewalls are controversial principally because they seem to imply departures from general relativistic expectations in regions of spacetime where the curvature need not be particularly large. One of the virtues of the Harlow-Hayden…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-01-14 Yen Chin Ong , Brett McInnes , Pisin Chen

Getting the mathematical rules for quantised black holes correctly is far from straightforward. Many earlier treatises got it not quite correctly. The general relativistic transformation linking the distant observer (who only detects…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-28 Gerard t Hooft

This paper is a generalization of previous work on the use of classical canonical transformations to evaluate Hamiltonian path integrals for quantum mechanical systems. Relevant aspects of the Hamiltonian path integral and its measure are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Mark S. Swanson

We consider the information loss paradox at different angles, from the standard semi-classical approximation of General Relativity to the recently proposed scenarios of black holes evolution caused by effects of gravity quantization.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 A J Nurmagambetov , I Y Park

The black hole information paradox is the incompatibility of quantum mechanics with the semi-classical picture of Hawking radiation. Hawking radiation appears thermal and eventually leads to the complete disappearance of a black hole.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-13 Malcolm J. Perry

We present a quantum theory of black hole (and other) horizons, in which the standard assumptions of complementarity are preserved without contradicting information theoretic considerations. After the scrambling time, the quantum mechanical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-13 Yasunori Nomura , Jaime Varela , Sean J. Weinberg

Within the framework of the individuality interpretation of quantum theory (QT), the basic equations of QT cannot be derived from the basic equations of classical mechanics (CM). The unbridgeable gap between CM and QT is given by the fact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Ulf Klein