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Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance in many data-driven and prediction-oriented applications, and sometimes even perform better than humans. However, their most significant drawback is the lack of interpretability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Jiahui Li , Kun Kuang , Lin Li , Long Chen , Songyang Zhang , Jian Shao , Jun Xiao

Neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various fields. However, the lack of interpretability limits their practical use, particularly in critical decision-making scenarios. Post-hoc interpretability, which provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yang Ji , Ying Sun , Yuting Zhang , Zhigaoyuan Wang , Yuanxin Zhuang , Zheng Gong , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Hengshu Zhu , Hui Xiong

The reasonable definition of semantic interpretability presents the core challenge in explainable AI. This paper proposes a method to modify a traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) into an interpretable compositional CNN, in order…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Wen Shen , Zhihua Wei , Shikun Huang , Binbin Zhang , Jiaqi Fan , Ping Zhao , Quanshi Zhang

Deep learning methods are achieving ever-increasing performance on many artificial intelligence tasks. A major limitation of deep models is that they are not amenable to interpretability. This limitation can be circumvented by developing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Hao Yuan , Haiyang Yu , Shurui Gui , Shuiwang Ji

We combine concept-based neural networks with generative, flow-based classifiers into a novel, intrinsically explainable, exactly invertible approach to supervised learning. Prototypical neural networks, a type of concept-based neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zachariah Carmichael , Timothy Redgrave , Daniel Gonzalez Cedre , Walter J. Scheirer

Complex nonlinear models such as deep neural network (DNNs) have become an important tool for image classification, speech recognition, natural language processing, and many other fields of application. These models however lack…

Interpretability of deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential since it enables users to understand the overall strengths and weaknesses of the models, conveys an understanding of how the models will behave in the future, and how to diagnose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

There is a need of ensuring machine learning models that are interpretable. Higher interpretability of the model means easier comprehension and explanation of future predictions for end-users. Further, interpretable machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gregor Stiglic , Primoz Kocbek , Nino Fijacko , Marinka Zitnik , Katrien Verbert , Leona Cilar

Pedestrian trajectory prediction is an essential component in a wide range of AI applications such as autonomous driving and robotics. Existing methods usually assume the training and testing motions follow the same pattern while ignoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yi Xu , Lichen Wang , Yizhou Wang , Yun Fu

Model explainability is crucial for human users to be able to interpret how a proposed classifier assigns labels to data based on its feature values. We study generalized linear models constructed using sets of feature value rules, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-06 Sanjeeb Dash , Soumyadip Ghosh , Joao Goncalves , Mark S. Squillante

Transfer learning is aimed to make use of valuable knowledge in a source domain to help model performance in a target domain. It is particularly important to neural networks, which are very likely to be overfitting. In some fields like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-14 Lili Mou , Zhao Meng , Rui Yan , Ge Li , Yan Xu , Lu Zhang , Zhi Jin

The high-level concepts that a neural network uses to perform computation need not be aligned to individual neurons (Smolensky, 1986). Language model interpretability research has thus turned to techniques such as \textit{sparse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Aryaman Arora , Zhengxuan Wu , Jacob Steinhardt , Sarah Schwettmann

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for predicting outcomes in graph-structured data. However, a notable limitation of GNNs is their inability to provide robust uncertainty estimates, which undermines their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 S. Akansha

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are quickly becoming the standard approach for learning on graph structured data across several domains, but they lack transparency in their decision-making. Several perturbation-based approaches have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Anna Himmelhuber , Mitchell Joblin , Martin Ringsquandl , Thomas Runkler

Interpretable Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) aim to reveal the underlying reasoning behind model predictions, attributing their decisions to specific subgraphs that are informative. However, existing subgraph-based interpretable methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jie Yang , Yuwen Wang , Kaixuan Chen , Tongya Zheng , Yihe Zhou , Zhenbang Xiao , Ji Cao , Mingli Song , Shunyu Liu

Understanding the decision-making processes of neural networks is a central goal of mechanistic interpretability. In the context of Large Language Models (LLMs), this involves uncovering the underlying mechanisms and identifying the roles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nils Feldhus , Laura Kopf

Machine Learning algorithms are increasingly being used in recent years due to their flexibility in model fitting and increased predictive performance. However, the complexity of the models makes them hard for the data analyst to interpret…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-07 Joel Vaughan , Agus Sudjianto , Erind Brahimi , Jie Chen , Vijayan N. Nair

The lack of transparency of Deep Neural Networks continues to be a limitation that severely undermines their reliability and usage in high-stakes applications. Promising approaches to overcome such limitations are Prototype-Based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Jon Vadillo , Roberto Santana , Jose A. Lozano , Marta Kwiatkowska

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools on graph data. However, their predictions are mis-calibrated and lack interpretability, limiting their adoption in critical applications. To address this issue, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Lingkai Kong , Haotian Sun , Yuchen Zhuang , Haorui Wang , Wenhao Mu , Chao Zhang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are able to achieve high classification accuracy on many important real world datasets, but provide no rigorous notion of predictive uncertainty. Quantifying the confidence of GNN models is difficult due to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-10 Jase Clarkson